Sexual abstinence and the Sexual Abstinence Behavior Scale*1

Norris, Anne E.; Clark, Leslie F.; Magnus, Sondra

doi:10.1016/s0891-5245(02)88312-2

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Attitude questions (15 items) were related to control over one’s future, sex, condom use, HIV, and gender. These items were drawn from Kalichman et al’s scales [ 43 ], Catania et al’s measures [ 48 ], the GEM scale [ 47 ], CARE’s GEI [ 45 ], the evaluation of FMP [ 52 ], Norris et al’s Sexual Abstinence Behavior Scale [ 49 ], and the questionnaire used in the evaluation of Project AIM by CDC’s Division of Global HIV and TB [ 33 ]. The thematic areas addressed by the perceived social norms (6 items) questions were sex, condom use, HIV, and gender.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Smartphone Game-Based Intervention (Tumaini) to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Winskell¹,

Sabben²,

Akelo³

et al. 2018

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

105

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BackgroundThere is a pressing need to ensure that youth in high HIV prevalence settings are prepared for a safer sexual debut. Smartphone ownership is increasing dramatically in low-income and middle-income countries. Smartphone games that are appropriately grounded in behavioral theory and evidence-based practice have the potential to become valuable tools in youth HIV prevention efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo pilot-test a theory-based, empirically grounded smartphone game for young Kenyans designed to increase age and condom use at first sex, aiming to establish directionality of effects on behavior change.MethodsTumaini (“hope for the future” in Swahili) is an interactive, narrative-based game grounded in social cognitive theory. A randomized controlled pilot study was conducted in Kisumu, Western Kenya, from April to June 2017 with 60 participants aged 11-14 (mean 12.7) years. Intervention arm participants (n=30) were provided with an Android smartphone with Tumaini installed on it and were instructed to play the game for at least 1 hour a day for 16 days; control arm participants (n=30) received no intervention. All participants completed a survey on behavioral mediators, delivered via an audio computer-assisted self-interview system at baseline (T1), post intervention (T2), and at 6 weeks postintervention (T3). The postintervention survey for intervention arm participants included questions eliciting feedback on the game. Intervention arm participants and their parents participated in 8 postintervention focus group discussions. Game log files were analyzed to calculate the length of exposure to the game. Behavioral survey data were analyzed using two-sample t tests to compare mean change from T1 to T2 and to T3 for intervention versus control arm participants. Descriptive statistics on game feedback questions were computed. Focus group transcripts were uploaded to MAXQDA software, where they were labeled with deductive and inductive codes. Data were analyzed thematically and compared across demographics.ResultsIntervention arm participants played Tumaini for a mean of approximately 27 hours. The intervention arm showed significant gains in sexual health-related knowledge and self-efficacy (both P<.001), behavioral intention for risk-avoidance strategies and sexual risk communication (P=.006), and overall survey scores (P<.001) compared with the control arm at T3. The postintervention survey revealed high subjective measures of the game’s value, relevance, and appeal. Focus groups identified a wide range of knowledge and skills the participants had gained, including setting goals and planning how to achieve them, which was perceived as a key motivator for avoiding or reducing risk.ConclusionsThe study supports the need for further research to assess the efficacy of the game-based intervention. If proven efficacious, smartphone games have the potential to dramatically increase the reach of culturally adapted behavioral interventions while ensuring fidelity to intervention design.Trial RegistrationC...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thematic areas addressed by the perceived social norms (6 items) questions were sex, condom use, HIV, and gender. These measures were adapted from items in Norris et al’s [ 49 ] and Kalichman et al’s [ 43 ] scales, and the GEM [ 47 ] and GEI [ 45 ] scales.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Smartphone Game-Based Intervention (Tumaini) to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Winskell¹,

Sabben²,

Akelo³

et al. 2018

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can arise from deliberate ideological or philosophical reasons (chastity and celibacy) or situational reasons (prevention of infection and conception), lack of suitable partners, or to conform to legal provisions. [ 32 ] In infectious disease outbreaks, abstinence is considered to be the safest practice to prevent spread. For decades, the psychological effects of sexual abstinence have been debated in all age groups.…”

Section: Sexual Abstinence: a Feasible Solution?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality, sexual well being, and intimacy during COVID-19 pandemic: An advocacy perspective

Banerjee

Rao

2020

Indian J Psychiatry

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2, has emerged as a global public health threat. The implications are much beyond just health crisis, and it has long-lasting psychosocial and economic implications. Although the psychological offshoots such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and sleep disturbances are being studied in-depth, there is a dearth of literature on the sexual well-being and sexual practices during this pandemic. Considering the physical distancing; travel restrictions; the high human–human transmission rate; misinformation and uncertainty about the sexual routes of transmission for SARS-CoV-2; and fear about intimacy, sexuality, and safe sexual practices have increased significantly. This is more prominent in newly settled or distanced couples and the frontline health workers, with increased risk exposure to the virus. For them, guilt and distress associated with sexual relationships might increase primary psychiatric and sexual disorders. This, in turn, impacts relationships and emotional bonding in couples and affects healthy coping during the pandemic crisis. Although sexual abstinence is the safest practice to prevent transmission, it is not practically feasible in all cases. Risk reduction counseling, sex with quarantined partners, and digital sex are other options that are worth exploring. There are additional concerns of digital safety, unhealthy use of technology, cyber-crimes, and online extortion. Keeping this in the background, this advocacy article glances through the effects of past outbreaks on sexuality, reviews the current recommendations, and proposes methods and approaches for sexual well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is vital for overall public health.

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“…This scale assessed four types of norms including mother, father, partner, and friend norms, each consisting of three items (partner norms, however, were excluded from analysis because not all participants had sexual partners). The scale showed good reliability among US adolescents and Korean students, with reliability scores of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively [32], [33]. In the current study, Cronbach’s alphas for the three sub-domains of mother, father, and friend norms ranged from 0.70 to 0.87.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 52%

High Risk Sexual Behaviors for HIV among the In-School Youth in Swaziland: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

et al. 2013

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BackgroundGlobal efforts in response to the increased prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are mainly aimed at reducing high risk sexual behaviors among young people. However, knowledge regarding intentions of young people to engage in protective sexual behaviors is still lacking in many countries around the world, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus is the highest. The objective of this study was to test the theory of planned behavior (TPB) for predicting factors associated with protective sexual behaviors, including sexual abstinence and condom use, among in-school youths aged between 15 and 19 years in Swaziland.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted using a anonymous questionnaire. A two-stage stratified and cluster random sampling method was used. Approximately one hundred pupils from each of four schools agreed to participate in the study, providing a total sample size of 403 pupils of which 369 were ultimately included for data analysis. The response rate was 98%. Structural equation modeling was used to analyse hypothesized paths.ResultsThe TPB model used in this study was effective in predicting protective sexual behavior among Swazi in-school youths, as shown by model fit indices. All hypothesized constructs significantly predicted intentions for abstinence and condom use, except perceived abstinence controls. Subjective norms were the strongest predictors of intention for premarital sexual abstinence; however, perceived controls for condom use were the strongest predictors of intention for condom use.ConclusionsOur findings support application of the model in predicting determinants of condom use and abstinence intentions among Swazi in-school youths.

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Sexual abstinence and the Sexual Abstinence Behavior Scale*1

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

A Smartphone Game-Based Intervention (Tumaini) to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

A Smartphone Game-Based Intervention (Tumaini) to Prevent HIV Among Young Africans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Sexuality, sexual well being, and intimacy during COVID-19 pandemic: An advocacy perspective

High Risk Sexual Behaviors for HIV among the In-School Youth in Swaziland: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach

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