Sexual access to females as a motivation for joining gangs: An evolutionary approach

Palmer, Craig T.; Tilley, Christopher

doi:10.1080/00224499509551792

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The malewarrior hypothesis also speaks to the broader social science literature. Male intergroup rivalries are a universal feature of human societies, in wars, civil conflicts, gang rivalries, and competitive team sports (Keegan, 1994;Palmer & Tilley, 1995;Pemberton et al, 1996). Compared with women, men engage more in risky, heroic forms of helping (Eagly & Crowley, 1986), identify more with large social units (Baumeister & Sommer, 1997;Gabriel & Gardner, 1999), and are higher in social-dominance orientation (Sidanius & Pratto, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, research on traditional societies shows that tribal warfare is almost exclusively the domain of men, and that male warriors have more sexual partners and greater status within their community than other men do (Chagnon, 1988). A U.S. study on male street gangs revealed that gang members have above-average mating opportunities (Palmer & Tilley, 1995). Finally, recent experiments in social psychology have shown that whereas women are more interpersonally oriented, men are more group oriented (Baumeister & Sommer, 1997); men also recall group events better than women (Gabriel & Gardner, 1999), and men engage more frequently in competitive between-group interactions than women do (Pemberton, Insko, & Schopler, 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender Differences in Cooperation and Competition

2007

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ABSTRACT-Evolutionary scientists argue that human cooperation is the product of a long history of competition among rival groups. There are various reasons to believe that this logic applies particularly to men. In three experiments, using a step-level public-goods task, we found that men contributed more to their group if their group was competing with other groups than if there was no intergroup competition. Female cooperation was relatively unaffected by intergroup competition. These findings suggest that men respond more strongly than women to intergroup threats. We speculate about the evolutionary origins of this gender difference and note some implications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Cooperation and Competition

2007

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“…Research generally indicates that female gang members have a higher prevalence of sexual activity and serious criminal involvement than nongang females and males do (Fagan, 1990;Palmer & Tilley, 1995). The problem with these studies is that they have failed to distinguish how these gangrelated girls vary in their delinquent and risk behaviors.…”

Section: Mexican American Female Gang Membersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Behaviors Among Young Mexican American Gang-Associated Females: Sexual Relations, Partying, Substance Use, and Crime

Cepeda¹,

Valdez

2003

Journal of Adolescent Research

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“…Other researchers (e.g., Totten, 2000) have found that male gang members often believe that girls are only good for domestic work and sex. Indeed, some researchers theorize that male gang members often join gangs because they believe that it will help them obtain more sexual partners (Palmer & Tilley, 1995). This expectation that gang membership helps to obtain sexual gratification is likely to 9 induce and facilitate the perception that girls and women function primarily for providing physical pleasure, which can influence behaviour towards girls and women.…”

Section: Gang Affiliation and Objectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sexual objectification of girls and aggression towards them in gang and non-gang affiliated youth

Vasquez

Osinnowo

Pina

et al. 2017

Psychology, Crime & Law

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(2016) The sexual objectification of girls and aggression towards them in gang and non-gang affiliated youth. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 23 (5 AbstractSexual objectification is related to various negative attitudes and outcomes, including rape proclivity and reduced moral concern for the objectified, which suggests that objectification has implications for aggression. Our study examined the relationship between objectification and general aggressive behaviour in adolescents, including gang-affiliated youth. We hypothesized that 1) objectification would correlate with aggression towards girls, 2) gang affiliation would correlate with objectification and aggression towards girls, and 3) objectification and gang affiliation would interact such that strongly affiliated participants who objectified girls would be most aggressive towards them. We also hypothesized that sexual objectification would be a significant predictor of aggression above and beyond other factors, such as trait aggression. As predicted, objectification correlated with aggression towards girls and with gang affiliation, which also correlated with aggression. In addition, objectification predicted aggression towards girls, after controlling for other relevant factors.Further, we found an objectification x gang affiliation interaction, which differed from our original predictions. Among participants low in gang affiliation, objectification of girls predicted levels of aggression towards them. Among those high in gang affiliation, however, objectification did not predict aggression. We discussed the implications of our findings for general aggression.

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Sexual access to females as a motivation for joining gangs: An evolutionary approach

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

Gender Differences in Cooperation and Competition

Gender Differences in Cooperation and Competition

Risk Behaviors Among Young Mexican American Gang-Associated Females: Sexual Relations, Partying, Substance Use, and Crime

The sexual objectification of girls and aggression towards them in gang and non-gang affiliated youth

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