Sexual and asexual reproduction in geographically separated populations of the fissiparous asteroid Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray)

Crump, R. G.; Barker, Mike

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(85)90032-2

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A greater incidence of cloning in non-mature animals has been observed in other species as well (reviewed in Emson & Wilkie 1980, Crump & Barker 1985. It is possible that the process of division and regeneration is structurally 'easier' for small animals, though no studies have demonstrated differences in the mechanical properties of small and large individuals (Emson & Wilkie 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys

McGovern

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Many plant and animal species reproduce both sexually and asexually. These 2 reproductive modes are both likely to be costly and, in many species, they occur at different times of the year. Here, I present information on the sexual and asexual reproductive biology of the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) in the Florida Keys, USA. Small brittle stars (less than 3 mm) are almost always non-mature, and non-mature individuals are more likely to have recently undergone clonal division than mature brittle stars. Males appear to have a lower size threshold for sexual maturity than do females, but the sexes do not differ in the recency of clonal division. The greatest proportion of mature brittle stars was observed in the late summer through fall in all 3 years of the study. The incidence of asexual reproduction increases in the late fall through late winter. It therefore appears that brittle stars are more likely to split after the sexual reproductive season. The onset of cloning as the sexual reproductive season ends may result from differences in the time of year in which each mode confers the greatest fitness benefit or may arise from energetic trade-offs between the 2 modes of reproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys

McGovern

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It is a critical predator, especially in the subtidal communities of New Zealand fjords (Witman & Grange 1998). Spawn-ing is seasonal and occurs between November and March (Crump & Barker 1985). C. muricata has a free-swimming brachiolaria larva, and the planktonic stage has been inferred from laboratory culture to be about 30 d (Barker 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. muricata has a free-swimming brachiolaria larva, and the planktonic stage has been inferred from laboratory culture to be about 30 d (Barker 1978). Sexual recruitment is irregular, and in addition to sexual reproduction, C. muricata propagate asexually through fission (Crump & Barker 1985, Johnson & Threlfall 1987. However, not all populations show signs of fission, and no evidence of asexual reproduction has been observed in the fjords of the South Island of New Zealand (Sköld et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic subdivision of a sea star with high dispersal capability in relation to physical barriers in a fjordic seascape

Sköld¹,

Wing²,

Mladenov³

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We used allozymes to investigate the population genetics of the sea star Coscinasterias muricata throughout New Zealand, with emphasis on populations inhabiting the fjords on the west coast of the South Island. Mean genetic variability measured by Wright's F st for all the New Zealand populations was 0.061, indicating a moderate level of genetic divergence on a New Zealand wide scale. F st for populations from the fjord region was generally lower, ranging from 0.024 to 0.028, but it deviated from zero for all the loci examined. Evidence of isolation by distance was found when all populations were used in an analysis of log of the extent of gene flow between a pair of populations (M ) against the log of geographic distance (r 2 = 0.57, p < 0.001, Mantel test). Thus, a pattern of isolation by distance seems evident on this larger scale. However, pair-wise comparisons of genetic distances, measured as F st , of populations on the regional scale of the fjords on the west coast of the South Island showed no correlation, since high variation of F st (0.001 to 0.09) between populations separated by 20 to 105 km was detected. The overall pattern of genetic variation revealed in a cluster analysis of genetic identity, I, grouped all the fjord populations together with maximum genetic identities of 94.6% to the other South Island populations, but within the fjord region, populations were not segregated according to geographical location. We suggest that the relatively isolated hydrography of each fjord is a most likely explanation for why fjord populations form genetic clusters that are inconsistent with geographical distance. The New Zealand fjords changed from freshwater systems about 12 000 to 6500 yr ago, and genetic equilibrium for the populations that colonized the fjords may not have been reached yet. We suggest that the recent colonization of the fjords, and the physical isolation from the open coast and each other, are important in explaining the genetic pattern of fjord populations of C. muricata.

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“…Fissiparous sea stars are generally thought to be heterogonic, able to reproduce both asexually and sexually (Emson and Wilkie 1980). Sexual reproduction seems to appear in favorable habitats and under stable environmental conditions while asexual reproduction appears to be favored in marginal habitat and unstable environmental conditions (Crump and Barker 1985;Achituv and Sher 1991;Mladenov 1996). This pattern of reproduction is expected to generate considerable local population structure, as is now welldocumented among clonal marine species exhibiting metapopulations (Okamura et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher temperature was also found to be a factor regulating fission in Coscinasterias acutispina (Haramoto et al 2007). Body mass has been shown to affect the rate of fission in Allostichaster insignis and Coscinasterias muricata, with smaller animals having a higher rate of fission (Crump and Barker 1985;Barker and Scheibling 2008). The availability of food has also been shown to influence relative rates of fission (Crump 1971;Skold et al 2002;Haramoto et al 2007;Barker and Scheibling 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of fission inAquilonastra corallicolaMarsh (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) as affected by population density

Sterling

Shuster

2011

Invertebrate Reproduction & Development

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The sea star Aquilonastra corallicola reproduces asexually by splitting across the central disc, a process known as fission. Although photoperiod and body mass are known to influence the rate of reproduction in fissiparous asteroid species, to our knowledge, the effects of population density have not been experimentally measured in asteroids. We tested the effects of three population densities on the rate of fission in laboratory populations maintained for 4 months at low, medium, and high (n ¼ 5, 15, and 30 per treatment replicate, respectively) population densities. Our results show that population density has a significant, inverse effect upon rate of reproduction in this species. This suggests that density-dependent regulation of asexual reproduction is a significant factor in explaining the observed patterns of population structure in marine clonal invertebrates.

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Sexual and asexual reproduction in geographically separated populations of the fissiparous asteroid Coscinasterias calamaria (Gray)

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys

Patterns of sexual and asexual reproduction in the brittle star Ophiactis savignyi in the Florida Keys

Genetic subdivision of a sea star with high dispersal capability in relation to physical barriers in a fjordic seascape

Rates of fission inAquilonastra corallicolaMarsh (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) as affected by population density

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