Sexual and business relationships between therapists and former clients.

Ethical Judgments of Counselors: Results From a Turkish Sample

“…Results indicated there are significant gender differences regarding judgment of items about dual relationships and values. In line with Gibson and Pope (1993) and other former studies, men more than women in this study were likely to judge items regarding nonsexual dual relationships (Baer & Murdock, 1995;Bowman & Hatley, 1995;Nigro & Uhlemann, 2004) and sexual dual relationships (Lamb et al, 2003;Lamb et al, 1994) as ethical. Results are also in line with former studies (Gibson & Pope, 1993;Neukrug & Milliken, 2011) in that men were more likely than Downloaded by [Stony Brook University] at 11:55 02 July 2015 women to judge "Treating homosexuality per se as pathological" and "Telling clients that their values are incorrect" as ethical.…”

“…The link between sexual dual relationships and counselor's gender is also well-established in the literature. Several researchers (Lamb, Catanzaro, & Moorman, 2003;Lamb, Woodburn, Lewis, Strand, Buchko, & Kang, 1994;Pope, Keith-Spiegel, & Tabachnick, 2006) found that male participants were significantly more likely to judge situations involving sexual contact with current or former clients as ethical than female participants. Specifically, Gibson and Pope (1993) study revealed being male was associated to the items regarding sexual dual relationships and boundary violations ("Becoming sexually involved with a former client," "Allowing a client to disrobe," "Being sexually attracted to a client") being judged as ethical.…”

Dual relationships between clinical psychologists and their clients: A survey of UK clinical psychologists' attitudes

“… be female (Baer & Murdock, 1995; Borys & Pope, 1989); be younger (Lamb et al , 1994); be more recently qualified (Borys and Pope, 1989; Lamb et al , 1994); describe their main theoretical orientation as psychodynamic (Baer & Murdock, 1995; Borys & Pope, 1989); not work for themselves on a solo basis (Epstein, Simon, & Kay, 1992); work in an urban setting (Borys & Pope, 1989); not work and live in the catchment area of their clients (Borys & Pope, 1989). …”

Sexual Contact Between Psychologists and Patients

“…Using comparison data from Thoreson et al (1993), male counselors were significantly more likely than female counselors to have sexual contact with patients, either current or former. Lamb, Strand, Woodburn, Buchko, Lewis, and Kang (1994) studied the incidence and attitudes of sexual contact with former patients via a sample of 1,000 APA members. Of the 334 respondents (33.4%), 48% were female and 52% were male.…”