Sexual Behavior as a Function of Stigma and Coping with Stigma Among People with HIV/AIDS in Rural New England

Varni, Susan E.; Miller, Carol T.; Solomon, Samuel

doi:10.1007/s10461-012-0239-5

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This suggests that disclosure of HIV status to a partner may be important to get support from family or partners. Some research has found that increased HIV/AIDS stigma directly or indirectly predicted unsafe sexual behaviour [25]- [27] and people who perceived more HIV related stigma were less likely to disclose their HIV status to partners [28].…”

Section: 00mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Women Attending Comprehensive Care Centre of Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Macharia¹,

Kombe²,

Mwaniki³

2015

WJA

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Background: Condoms offer protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission when used correctly and consistently. Many HIV infected people do not use condom regularly, thus leading to new HIV infections and re-infections. In Kenya, condom use is considered to be low and HIV prevalence is high among women aged 15 -49 years where utilization of condoms among HIV positive women has not been studied. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the prevalence of consistent condom use among HIV positive women aged 18 -49 years and to investigate the variables associated with it. Methods: A mixed method of study design (qualitative and quantitative approaches) was employed. A total of 422 participants were selected randomly and interviewed using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Three (3) focus group discussions with 8 participants in each group were conducted. Chi-square test (p < 0.05) and odds ratio with corresponding 95% confidence interval were computed to establish the association between consistent condom use and independent variables. Binary

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Section: 00mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Women Attending Comprehensive Care Centre of Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Macharia¹,

Kombe²,

Mwaniki³

2015

WJA

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“…Moreover, there is some evidence indicating that abstinent individuals are psychologically distressed in much the same way as are individuals who engage in risky sex (Varni, Miller, & Solomon, 2012). Abstinence, especially abstinence arising from lack of opportunity, is associated with psychological symptoms such as depressed mood (Donnelly, Burgess, Anderson, Davis, & Dillard, 2001; Wagner, Rabkin, & Rabkin, 1993), anger, and frustration (Donnelly, et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychological Symptoms Are Associated with Both Abstinence and Risky Sex Among Men with HIV

et al. 2015

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Sexual abstinence is often deemed the “safest behavior” in HIV prevention, but is sometimes associated with psychological symptoms (e.g., depression) just as sexually risky behavior is. This study explored whether sexual abstinence and risky sexual behavior among men with HIV are associated with similar constellations of psychological symptoms. Prior research has not addressed this issue because abstinent people often are not included in the sample, or when data are analyzed, researchers combine abstinent people with sexually active people who practice safer sex. Past research also neglects the co-morbidity of psychological symptoms. A latent class analysis of the psychological symptoms (assessed with the Symptom Check List 90-R; Derogatis, 1994) of 140 men with HIV, mostly from rural New England, revealed three latent classes; men who were asymptomatic on all symptom domains (28.8%), men who were symptomatic on all domains (34.1%), and men who were symptomatic on internalizing domains (37.1%), but were asymptomatic on the externalizing symptoms of hostility and paranoid ideation. Logistic regression showed that sexual behavior during the past 90 days of men in the all symptom class and the internalizing symptoms class was similar, with abstinence and risky sex predominating, and safer sex being relatively uncommon for both classes. The sexual behavior of men in the asymptomatic class differed, with safer sex being relatively more likely to occur compared to the symptomatic classes. These findings suggest that the psychological symptom profile of sexually abstinent people places them at risk for inconsistent condom use should they engage in sexual behavior.

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“…There was a great amount of internalized stigma in this study, which could be a prime reason for the nondisclosure of the participants, as suggested by Tsai et al 24 Since most of the individuals used avoidance as a coping mechanism, it could lead to a greater negative psychological impact. 11,12 The social rejection faced by the participants in this study was in the form of not sharing food, water, or room. Such mentality existing in the HIV-free population was highlighted by others as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Stigma is a major barrier for the successful treatment of the PLWHA worldwide as highlighted by a number of studies. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] We report the first study related to stigma in the North Karnataka Region of India, which is one of the most underdeveloped areas of the state and has a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS.…”

Section: 5005/jp-journals-10024-2123mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

Muralidharan¹,

Acharya

Margabandu

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress and discrimination faced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-affected adult patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for more than 1 year. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 170 adults on ART, reporting to the ART center of the District Civil Hospital, for more than 1 year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India. Convenience sampling technique was followed. Descriptive statistics was performed (Chi-square test) using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0. Results:A total of 156 (91.8%) patients' families had knowledge about their seropositive status. Seventeen (10.9%) HIV-positive patients reported of change in the attitude of their family members. The main reasons for not revealing the HIV status were the internalized stigma and fear of rejection. Women faced greater discrimination from family, friends, and neighbors than men. Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Conclusion:It is necessary to not undermine the effect of rejection due to HIV. It is the only infection that has so many associated social and psychological norms which we need to tend at the earnest. Till date, there is an existence of condescendence toward treatment approach.Clinical significance: The presence of stigma and the fear of being discriminated could be a major hurdle in the rehabilitation of these patients into the mainstream society. Furthermore, it serves as an existing challenge to ascertain these individuals to achieve overall health.

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Sexual Behavior as a Function of Stigma and Coping with Stigma Among People with HIV/AIDS in Rural New England

Cited by 35 publications

References 62 publications

Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Women Attending Comprehensive Care Centre of Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Consistent Condom Use among HIV Positive Women Attending Comprehensive Care Centre of Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya

Psychological Symptoms Are Associated with Both Abstinence and Risky Sex Among Men with HIV

Stigma and Discrimination faced by HIV-infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy for more than 1 Year in Raichur Taluk, Karnataka, India

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