Sexual Behaviour and the Theory of Psychological Reversals

Apter, Michael J.; Smith, K.C.P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-022234-9.50063-7

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…A more promising approach to the motivational significance of the EMG gradient has applied constructs and psychometric instruments developed within the context of reversal theory. This general and integrative theory of motivation, the emotions and personality expands well beyond the focus of this report (see Apter, 1982;Apter et al, 1985, for a general presentation). The concept of metamotivational states, however, is of particular relevance to the present context, and such states interpret the contents of experience, as related to motivation (e.g.…”

supporting

confidence: 52%

The EMG gradient as a reflection of metamotivational state

Apter

Svebak

1986

Scandinavian J Psychology

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The significance of motivational statedominance in everyday life and actual motivational state during task performance was investigated in relation to skeletal muscle tension patterns during performance in the continuous preceptual‐motor task paradigm. Subjects were recruited to form seriousminded (telic) and playful (paratelic) extreme groups according to their responses to the Telic Dominance Scale (6 subjects in each group). They all performed a continuous perceptual‐motor task twice in a neutral context (N1, N2), once with threat of aversive shock at poor performance (T), and once with promise of monetary reward for good performance (R); T and R being balanced around N 2. Measures of tonic (slow) EMG activation were derived from the “passive” forearm, and structured (blind) interview assessed motivational state. It was concluded that motivational state, rather than statedominance, was associated with EMG activation. The telic state was significant to high EMG activation for the N I and T treatments in particular.

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supporting

confidence: 52%

The EMG gradient as a reflection of metamotivational state

Apter

Svebak

1986

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients by a specially trained interviewer. The questions were based on consultations with experts and an exhaustive analysis of scientific literature on MSAC [8,21,[24][25][26][27]29,31]. The interviews were recorded on audio cassettes and started with an open question asking the patient how the ED problems first appeared, how he explains their J Sex Med 2006;3:96-103 occurrence, the consequences of the problem and the coping strategies adopted.…”

Section: Semistructured Interviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article reports on the drafting phase of a questionnaire on male sexual anticipating cognitions (MSAC), using patient interviews and consultations with experts. We focused primarily on the instant when the man anticipates sexual intercourse, and to understand this, we used the framework of reversal theory [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

A New Evaluation Concept and its Measurement: “Male Sexual Anticipating Cognitions”

Bonierbale

Clement

Loundou

et al. 2006

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Context The development of sex-active drugs justifies the use of scales for evaluating changes induced by such forms of therapy. Among the tools available for evaluating erectile dysfunction (ED), the International Index of Erectile Function is the most widely used. Analysis of the scientific literature shows that these instruments remain primarily focused on functional aspects of ED. The vulnerability factors involved in ED are mainly based upon organic characteristics, e.g., age, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes, but the psychological factors involved in the occurrence and maintenance of ED are less studied. Objective This conclusion led us to develop a French self-administered instrument, based on patients’ subjective sexual experiences, to evaluate “male sexual anticipating cognitions,” using Apter's reversal theory as a framework. Design, Setting, and Patients We present here the first stages of the development of this new instrument. We carried out semistructured, one-to-one interviews with patients with psychogenic ED and patients with mixed ED. Eighteen one-to-one interviews were held in several urologic/andrologic and psychiatric sexologist services. Interviews were continued until the required information was obtained. Analyses of the content were performed to generate items for the new instrument. Results Dimensions isolated were those of (a) sexual beliefs; (b) metamotivational modes; and (c) dysfunctional coping. Pools of items are currently being analyzed by 108 experts (psychologists, sexologists, andrologists, urologists) to determine if additional items are required. The acceptability and the comprehensiveness of this preliminary questionnaire will be tested by 320 patients in a multicentric study, to produce a shorter questionnaire featuring the most relevant items. Once validated, this multidimensional instrument could be used to assess treatment efficacy of the mixed and psychogenic components of ED.

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Background. Reversal theory (Apter, 1982(Apter, , 1989(Apter, , 2001) is one of the motivational frameworks which attempts to examine human subjective experiences and behaviours. There are four dyads of metamotivational states (telic-paratelic, conformistnegativistic, autic-alloic, and mastery-sympathy) and individuals may prefer to be in one rather than the other of a dyad of states in a specific context such as sport participation (i.e.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%