Sexual compatibility and hybrid formation between the giant kelp species Macrocystis pyrifera and M. integrifolia (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in Chile

Westermeier, R.; Patiño, David J.; Müller, Dieter G.

doi:10.1007/s10811-006-9126-7

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In a previous study (Westermeier et al 2006(Westermeier et al , 2007, we have described new laboratory methods, which can serve as a basis for a modern kelp mariculture industry. We introduced clonal gametophyte cultures as genetically defined stock material for the production of Macrocystis seedlings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards domestication of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Chile: selection of haploid parent genotypes, outbreeding, and heterosis

Westermeier

Patiño

Müller³

et al. 2009

J Appl Phycol

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Macrocystis is an important marine resource in Chile, with severe problems of over-exploitation. Our study describes genetic materials and techniques for a further improvement of laboratory-based mariculture. For a systematic hybridization program we have selected one pair (cultivar) of gametophytes with favorable somatic and reproductive characteristics from each of seven localities in southern Chile. Sporophytes from all 49 crosses were grown for 10 weeks to seedling size. We report here that sporophytes from sympatric parents (intra-cultivar matings) grow to different length, depending on the locality and, importantly, that sporophytes from several inter-cultivar crossings show superior growth, suggesting heterosis with symmetric or asymmetric reciprocity. The genetic materials and techniques described here, together with our newly developed standardized seedling production protocols now available, constitute a significant step towards domestication of Macrocystis in analogy to terrestrial agriculture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards domestication of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Chile: selection of haploid parent genotypes, outbreeding, and heterosis

Westermeier

Patiño

Müller³

et al. 2009

J Appl Phycol

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“…Nevertheless, genetic differences to M. pyr ifera holdfast expression clearly exist, as has been shown in hybridization experiments between Chilean M. pyrifera and M. integrifolia (Westermeier et al 2007;Westermeier, unpublished).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…These two taxa are geographically separated along the coast of Chile but occur sympatrically in Peru and North America. Based on their interfertility (Westermeier et al 2007) and supported by morphological plasticity and molecular data, Demes et al (2009) and Macaya and Zuccarello (2010) suggested their conspecificity under the name M. pyrifera. Since our present study focuses on the M. integrifolia-specific holdfast character and there is presently no agreement on its subspecific status, we prefer here to maintain the taxon epithet M. integrifolia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Utilization of holdfast fragments for vegetative propagation of Macrocystis integrifolia in Atacama, Northern Chile

et al. 2012

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We attempted to propagate Macrocystis integrifo lia (giant kelp) by fragmentation and regeneration of holdfasts, which consist of creeping stolons with lateral haptera. Stolons from a natural kelp population in Bahia Chasco (Atacama, North Chile) were cut into fragments, each containing one or more lateral stipe and frond initials. Fragments were attached to longlines with elastic bands. We used two additional types of inoculants as controls: (1) natural recruits from the local parent population and (2) laboratory-cultured young sporophytes. Length, reproductive phenology, and mortality were determined monthly. Our results confirmed the feasibility of M. integrifolia propagation by reattachment of stolon fragments, and we obtained up to eight new individuals from one parent holdfast. Individuals from holdfast regeneration formed sporangial sori 3 months earlier than control specimens from recruits and laboratory culture, while all three types gave similar values for mortality. Holdfast morphology of regenerates differed strongly depending on their origin: stolon fragments continued growth and developed new haptera except in the cut surfaces, natural recruits formed typical M. integrifolia holdfast morphs, and sporophytes originating from laboratory culture produced minor stolons with many haptera. Implications of our results on ecology, repopulation, and aquaculture are discussed.

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“…They are geographically separated, but occur sympatrically in Peru and North America. Based on interfertility (Westermeier et al 2007) and supported by molecular data, Demes et al (2009) and Macaya and Zucarello (2010) suggested their conspecificity under the name M. pyrifera. A valid taxonomic revision of the genus, however, is still lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Repopulation techniques for Macrocystis integrifolia (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales) in Atacama, Chile

et al. 2013

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The giant kelp Macrocystis (integrifolia) has been intensely harvested in northern Chile for several years. In order to prevent a future disaster, we developed two different techniques for restoration of damaged Macrocystis integrifolia beds in the Atacama region of Chile. (1) Explantation: Laboratory-grown juvenile sporophytes were fixed to different substrata (plastic grids, ceramic plates, or boulders) by elastic bands or fast-drying glue (cyanoacrylate). Explants reached 150-200 cm in length within 5 months (relative growth rate≈1.3-1.7 % day 1 ), and reproductive maturity in 5-7 months. (2) Seeding of spores: Mature sporophylls were placed at 8 m depth on the sea bottom, supported by cotton gauze sleeves attached to boulders of different origin. Sixty percent of clean boulders collected on the beach produced up to seven recruits per boulder. In contrast, 20 % of the boulders from the sea bottom, colonized by epibionts, showed up to two recruits. Relative growth rates, however, were similar (≈2.4-2.6 % day 1 ). Practical applications of our findings are: laboratory-produced juvenile sporophytes fixed to various substrata by elastic bands or cyanoacrylate glue can be used to colonize rocks or artificial reefs. In cases, where laboratorygrown seedlings are unavailable, mature sporophylls from nearby Macrocystis beds can be used to establish new recruits on rocky substrata.

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Sexual compatibility and hybrid formation between the giant kelp species Macrocystis pyrifera and M. integrifolia (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in Chile

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

Towards domestication of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Chile: selection of haploid parent genotypes, outbreeding, and heterosis

Towards domestication of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) in Chile: selection of haploid parent genotypes, outbreeding, and heterosis

Utilization of holdfast fragments for vegetative propagation of Macrocystis integrifolia in Atacama, Northern Chile

Repopulation techniques for Macrocystis integrifolia (Phaeophyceae: Laminariales) in Atacama, Chile

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