Sexual Development of the Hermaphroditic Scallop Argopecten irradians Revealed by Morphological, Endocrine and Molecular Analysis

He, Wei; Li, Wanru; Liu, Tian; Li, Yajuan; Liu, Liangjie; Shu, Ya; Zhang, Lijing; Wang, Shi; Xing, Qiang; Zhang, Lingling; Bao, Zhenmin

doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.646754

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…For example, Li et al (2016) showed that PyDMRT was testis-biased, and Li et al (2018) suggested that the My|XP_021353714.1 (previously known as Dmrt1L) is a yang gene for determining the timing of sex differentiation in M. yessoensis [ 46 ]. Similar results were also found in Argopecten irradians [ 11 ], in which Dmrt1L showed male-biased expression in the gonad. In particular, the current study showed that the gene (Ap|evm.model.scaffold_235.403) from the hermaphrodite scallop A. purpuratus is also expressed specifically in the testis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that the Dmrt gene is associated with sex determination/differentiation in bivalves. For example, Dmrt is significantly differentially expressed between the ovaries and testes of scallops [ 11 , 12 ], and RNAi of Dmrt can lead to the failure of gonadal differentiation in oysters [ 13 ]. However, many questions about the Dmrt gene in bivalves remain to be answered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Dmrt genes in bivalves

2023

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In recent years, some common themes in the development of sex-specific traits in different animal lineages have started to emerge since the discovery of the Dmrt (doublesex-mab3-related transcription factor gene) genes. Bivalves are characterized by a diversity of sexual systems, including simultaneous hermaphroditism, sequential hermaphroditism, and strict gonochorism. However, to date, no research has focused on the genome-wide characterization and analysis of Dmrt genes in bivalves. In this study, the identification and analysis of Dmrt genes in 15 bivalves were performed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 55 Dmrt genes were retrieved in the studied bivalve genomes. The number of Dmrt genes in different species ranged from 3 to 5. The phylogenetic tree showed that Dmrt genes in bivalves can be subdivided into 5 classes: the Dmrt2-like class, Dmrt3-like class, Dmrt4/5-like class, Dsx-like class, and scallop-specific Dmrt class. The Ka/Ks ratios suggested that all Dmrt classes underwent purifying selection pressure. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal expression of Dmrt genes in four bivalve species suggested that different Dmrt genes may have different functions, and scallop-specific Dmrt genes may play a key role in sex determination/differentiation. In general, this study provides a molecular basis for in-depth examination of the functions of Dmrt genes and phylogenomic analyses in bivalves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Dmrt genes in bivalves

2023

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“…On day 50, both genes were significantly higher in the 11 and 16 °C groups compared to the 21 °C group. Considering that FoxL2 and Dmrt1L are distributed in germ cells and follicle cells in scallops (Li et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2012;Wei et al, 2021), the results indicate that proportion of these two types of cells increased after 50 days of treatment, especially for the 11 °C and 16 °C groups, consistent with the histological observations (Figure 3). LOG10 (Dmrt1L/FoxL2) was used to distinguish differentiated from undifferentiated samples, with values below 0 for ovary and values higher than two for testis (Li et al, 2018).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Expression Of Foxl2 And Dmrt1l In The Gonadssupporting

confidence: 85%

The Effect of Temperature on Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Tian

Liu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Many marine organisms are generally poikilotherms, making seawater temperature one of the most important environmental factors affecting gonadal sex differentiation. Mollusca is the second-largest animal phylum with diverse reproductive systems, but studies on the impact of temperature on sex differentiation are limited to a few sequential hermaphrodites. By combining morphological and molecular analyses, we investigated the effect of temperature on gonadal sex differentiation of a commercially important gonochoristic scallop Patinopecten yessoensis in the field and under laboratory conditions. Based on the relative expression of FoxL2 and Dmrt1L in the gonads of 6- to 12 month-old scallops, we found the scallops start to differentiate at 7 months old in September when the seawater temperature was 21°C. To eliminate the effect of factors other than temperature on sex differentiation, we compared the gonadal development of juvenile scallops at different temperatures (21, 16 and 11°C) under laboratory conditions. After 50 days of treatment, the 11°C group contain more germ cell types, and have higher sex differentiation rates than the 21°C group. But no obvious sex bias was observed. These results suggest that high temperature (21°C) inhibits sex differentiation, whereas low temperature (11°C) accelerates sex differentiation by 2 months for this cold-water species. It also supports juvenile P. yessoensis is gonochoristic rather than protandrous hermaphroditic. Our study addresses for the first time an environmental influence associated with genetic controls on scallop sex differentiation. It will facilitate a better understanding of how environmental factors affect gonadal development in poikilotherms, especially in the less studied molluscs.

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“…For example, in Phylum Mollusca, Class Bivalvia, there are gonochoric species with genetic sex determination in the absence of heteromorphic chromosomes and hermaphroditic species in which male and female gonadal material are present in the same individual, either simultaneously (e.g., bay scallop, Argopecten irradians ) or sequentially (Breton et al, 2018; Wei et al, 2021). A recent comparative phylogenomic survey of sex in the family Pectinidae suggests that sex chromosome homomorphy in gonochoric scallop species evolved as early as 350 million years ago via repetitive element‐driven chromosomal rearrangement and has been maintained through regulatory flexibility of sex‐related genes during gonadal development (Han et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐specific gene expression in eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, gonad and mantle tissues

Proestou,

Delomas,

Sullivan

et al. 2024

Invertebrate Biology

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The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) is a protandrous hermaphrodite of commercial importance. As with many marine invertebrates, little is known about sex determination and differentiation systems in this species. Such knowledge has important implications not only for understanding the evolution of sex but also for applied questions in aquaculture. In order to examine mechanistic differences in reproductive development between the sexes, we compared the transcriptomes of gonad and mantle tissues from six male and six female oysters. A total of 7675 transcripts were differentially expressed between male and female gonads (3936 and 3739 were upregulated in males and females, respectively). Transcripts identified include those associated with sex in other invertebrate and vertebrate species such as Dmrt1, Sox‐30, Bindin, Dpy‐30, and Histone H4 in males and Foxl2, Vitellogenin, and Bystin in females. GO terms associated with transcripts upregulated in male gonads include protein modification, reproductive process, and cell projection organization, whereas RNA metabolic process and amino acid metabolic process were associated with transcripts upregulated in females. Far fewer transcripts were differentially expressed between male and female mantle tissues, with 87 transcripts upregulated in females and 16 upregulated in males. However, 41% of transcripts identified as differentially expressed between mantle tissues were also differentially expressed between male and female gonads including Histone H4 and Bystin. This study represents the first characterization of eastern oyster male and female gonad transcriptomes. We further identify differing expression profiles between male and female mantle tissues, which provides evidence for sex‐specific functions of the mantle and suggests that this tissue could harbor biomarkers for identifying oyster sex non‐destructively.

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Sexual Development of the Hermaphroditic Scallop Argopecten irradians Revealed by Morphological, Endocrine and Molecular Analysis

Cited by 20 publications

References 56 publications

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Dmrt genes in bivalves

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of Dmrt genes in bivalves

The Effect of Temperature on Gonadal Sex Differentiation of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis

Sex‐specific gene expression in eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, gonad and mantle tissues

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