Sexual Dimorphism in Midges: Strategies for Flight in the Rain-Pool Dweller Chironomus imicola (Diptera: Chironomidae)

McLachlan, A. J.

doi:10.2307/4706

Cited by 55 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…5). Very similar results have been reported in Chironomus imicola, where sexual shape dimorphism (SShD) has been associated with different flight behaviours in males and females (McLachlan, 1986). Flight behaviours described in some species of Culicoides (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia

Muñoz‐Muñoz

Talavera

Carpenter

et al. 2014

Medical Vet Entomology

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In the past decade biting midges of the subgenus Avaritia (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have been popular subjects of applied entomological studies in Europe owing to their implication as biological vectors in outbreaks of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses. This study uses a combination of cytochrome oxidase subunit I barcode sequencing and geometric morphometric analyses to investigate wing shape as a means to infer species identification within this subgenus. In addition the congruence of morphological data with different phylogenetic hypotheses is tested. Five different species of the subgenus Avaritia were considered in the study (C. obsoletus (Meigen); C. scoticus Kettle and Lawson; C. chiopterus (Meigen); C. dewulfi Goetghebuer and C. imicola (Kieffer)). The study demonstrated that over 90% of individuals could be separated correctly into species by their wing shape and that patterns of morphological differentiation derived from the geometric morphometric analyses were congruent with phylogenies generated from sequencing data. Morphological data produced are congruent with monophyly of the subgenus Avaritia and the exclusion of C. dewulfi from the group containing C. obsoletus, C. scoticus and C. chiopterus. The implications of these results and their importance in a wider context of integrating multiple data types to interpret both phylogeny and species characterization is discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia

Muñoz‐Muñoz

Talavera

Carpenter

et al. 2014

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…Another suggested factor that possibly explains sexual dimorphism in insects is the variation in the functions performed between sexes [25]. In insects, flight is the most likely considered selective pressure influencing the evolution of sexual shape dimorphism in the wing.…”

Section: Left Wingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing Sexual Dimorphism in Inner Wings of Brontispa longissima Using Landmark Based Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Belleza¹,

Demayo²

2014

IJBBB

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Abstract-Sexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon among groups of animals that describe variation in morphology between individuals of different sexes. Differences in wing shape morphology among sexes of the same species of insects often reflects disparity in flight performance and flight range which might be of considerable significance in the monitoring and control of pest species. This study was conducted to determine the differences in wing morphology between sexes of coconut hispid beetle (Brontispa longissima) by looking at the variations in the shapes of the entire wing using geometric morphometrics. The results obtained showed noticeable variation in the left and right inner wings between female and male samples as shown in the relative warp analysis. Discriminant function analysis, MANOVA/CVA scores, and Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant variation between sexes establishing the presence of sexual dimorphism within the species of coconut hispid beetles.

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“…Baker et al, 1992;Zonneveld, 1996), whereas females tend to maximize mass, typically for fecundity (e.g. Kleckner et al, 1995;Fischer & Fiedler, 2001), but also for flight range for example (McLachlan, 1986). Nutrient transfers from male to female during mating can furthermodifythese relationships (e.g.…”

Section: Trade-offs and Coordinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The range of insect dormancy responses

Danks¹

2002

Eur. J. Entomol.

104

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Abstract. Insect dormancy responses, in the broad sense of modifications of development, are examined from a general perspective. The range of responses is extraordinarily wide because environments are diverse, different taxa have different evolutionary histories, adaptations are needed for both seasonal timing and resistance to adversity, and not only development but also many other aspects of the life-cycle must be coordinated. Developmental options are illustrated by examining the wide range of ways in which develop ment can be modified, the fact that each individual response consists of several components, and the different potential durations of the life-cycle. The concepts of alternative life-cycle pathways (chosen according to current and likely future environmental condi tions) and of active and passive default responses are treated. Also introduced are aspects of variation and trade-offs.Some general conclusions that help in understanding dormancy responses emerge from such an examination. Many options are available (cf. Table 1). The nature of the habitat, especially its predictability, determines the potential effectiveness of many of the developmental options. Any particular set of responses reflects evolutionary history and hence depends on past as well as current environments. It is not necessarily obvious what kinds of selection, especially requirements for timing versus resistance to adversity, explain a particular life cycle. Life-cycle pathways have multiple components, so that components cannot be analyzed in isolation. A given feature, such as delayed development, can have multiple roles. Default responses can be either active (development continues unless signalled otherwise) or passive (development stops unless signalled otherwise), making necessary a broad approach to under standing the action of environmental cues. Even relatively minor effects that fine-tune dormancy responses enhance survival, but may be difficult to detect or measure. Trade-offs are not inevitable, not only when certain resources are surplus, but also because resources in very short supply (constraints) cannot be traded off. Life-cycle components are widely, but not universally, coordinated. These conclusions confirm that the range of dormancy responses is wider, more complex and more integrated than has often been recognized.

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Sexual Dimorphism in Midges: Strategies for Flight in the Rain-Pool Dweller Chironomus imicola (Diptera: Chironomidae)

Cited by 55 publications

References 9 publications

Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia

Phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic signal of wing shape in western European biting midges, Culicoides spp., of the subgenus Avaritia

Describing Sexual Dimorphism in Inner Wings of Brontispa longissima Using Landmark Based Geometric Morphometric Analysis

The range of insect dormancy responses

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