Sexual harassment: Violence against women in the workplace.

Abstract

Sexual harassment has been a fixture of the workplace since women first began to work outside the home. Although true epidemiological studies do not exist, large-scale surveys of working women suggest that approximately 1 of every 2 women will be harassed at some point during their academic or working lives. The data indicate that harassment is degrading, frightening, and sometimes physically violent; frequently extends over a considerable period of time; and can result in profound job-related, psychological; and health-related consequences. This article provides a brief review of the prevalence and consequences of sexual harassment and outlines social policy implications for research, legislation, and primary prevention.

An exploratory study of sexual harassment in Pakistani organizations

“…The nature of sexual harassment Sexual harassment is broadly defined as unwelcome behaviour in the workplace that has a sexual or sexist nature (Fitzgerald, 1993). It is a complex concept and includes behaviour which is directed to an individual, as well as behaviour which creates an environment in which an individual feels intimidated or humiliated.…”

Sexist humor and social identity: the role of sexist humor in men’s in-group cohesion, sexual harassment, rape proclivity, and victim blame

“…Sexist humour usually falls under the umbrella of hostile environment harassment. Hostile environment harassment refers to a situation in which female employees are subjected regularly to offensive, gender-related or sexual comments, and unreciprocated sexually related behaviours which may not be relevant to job-related outcomes (e.g., Fitzgerald 1993). Many contemporary researchers now define verbal comments, requests, and non-verbal behaviours as sexual harassment (e.g.…”

Consequences of sexual harassment in sport for female athletes

“…According to Fizgerald (1993), different surveys indicate that as many as one in two women will be subjected to some form of harassment during her academic or working life, which indicates that harassment is the most widespread of all forms of sexual victimization.…”