Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Peltzer, Karl; Mlambo, Motlatso G.

doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-57

Cited by 30 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, our observation was very high relative to statistics from other African countries such as Uganda,29 Kenya,30 Malawi,31 Zambia,32 and Nigeria 33. A study in Mpumalanga, South Africa among pregnant women found that the prevalence of MSP was 20% 34. These variations suggest that the magnitude of MSP depends on the context at hand because populations differ in several aspects including locations, cultures, values, beliefs, norms, and practices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania

Exavery

Kanté²,

Tani

et al. 2015

HIV

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BackgroundThis study examines prevalence and correlates of multiple sexual partnerships (MSP) among women aged 15+ years in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania.Materials and methodsData were collected in a cross-sectional household survey in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts in Tanzania in 2011. From the survey, a total of 2,643 sexually active women ages 15+ years were selected for this analysis. While the chi-square test was used for testing association between MSP and each of the independent variables, logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsNumber of sexual partners reported ranged from 1 to 7, with 7.8% of the women reporting multiple sexual partners (2+) in the past year. MSP was more likely among both ever married women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.49) and single women (AOR =6.13, 95% CI 2.45–15.34) than currently married women. There was an interaction between marital status and education, whereby MSP was 85% less likely among single women with secondary or higher education compared to married women with no education (AOR =0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.61). Furthermore, women aged 40+ years were 56% less likely compared to the youngest women (<20 years) to report MSP (AOR =0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80). The odds of MSP among Muslim women was 1.56 times as high as that for Christians women (AOR =1.56, 95% CI 1.11–2.21). Ndengereko women were 67% less likely to report MSP compared to Pogoro women (AOR =0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.59).ConclusionEight percent of the women aged 15+ in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania are engaged in MSP. Encouraging achievement of formal education, especially at secondary level or beyond, may be a viable strategy toward partner reduction among unmarried women. Age, religion, and ethnicity are also important dimensions for partner reduction efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania

Exavery

Kanté²,

Tani

et al. 2015

HIV

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“…There are biological and behavioural factors that drive high HIV incidence during pregnancy and breastfeeding periods such as hormonal changes that alter genital mucosal surfaces, and frequent condomless sex with HIV-infected partners or partners of unknown serostatus [3, 6–9]. Maternal seroconversion during pregnancy and breastfeeding contributes significantly toward paediatric HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa [3, 10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivering preexposure prophylaxis to pregnant and breastfeeding women in Sub-Saharan Africa

Davey

Bekker

Gorbach

et al. 2017

Aids

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HIV acquisition during pregnancy and postpartum periods remains high despite increased access to and initiation of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. Moreover, maternal seroconversion during pregnancy and breastfeeding remains a source of significant paediatric HIV infection in the region. In order to curb vertical HIV transmission, HIV acquisition during pregnancy and lactation must significantly decline. Biological and behavioural factors contribute to high HIV incidence, including hormonal changes that alter genital mucosal surfaces, and frequent condomless sex with HIV-infected partners or partners of unknown serostatus. Pregnant and breastfeeding women who are at risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy and lactation require female controlled interventions such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV acquisition during those particularly vulnerable periods. Before PrEP scale up for pregnant and lactating women, there is an urgent need for operations research to evaluate how best to provide PrEP to pregnant and breastfeeding women in settings of high HIV incidence. This should include how to: (1) integrate PrEP delivery and counselling into antenatal and postnatal care, (2) ensure optimal adherence during at-risk periods, and (3) target PrEP for maximum impact, including reaching pregnant and breastfeeding young women. In light of current knowledge on the safety of PrEP in pregnancy and breastfeeding, next steps are needed to ensure barriers to PrEP effectiveness are addressed.

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“…11–15 The risk of individual infection showed in a multivariate model that pregnancy was associated with higher risk of chlamydia, VVC, and any STI or RTI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Genital Infections Among Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults Entering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care in Windhoek, Namibia

et al. 2016

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Background Identifying and treating genital infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STI), among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals may benefit both public and individual health. We assessed prevalence of genital infections and their correlates among newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals enrolling in HIV care services in Namibia. Methods Newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults entering HIV care at 2 health facilities in Windhoek, Namibia, were recruited from December 2012 to March 2014. Participants provided behavioral and clinical data including CD4+ T lymphocyte counts. Genital and blood specimens were tested for gonorrhea, Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, Mycoplasma genitalium, syphilis, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Results Among 599 adults, 56% were women and 15% reported consistent use of condoms in the past 6 months. The most common infections were bacterial vaginosis (37.2%), trichomoniasis (34.6%) and Chlamydia (14.6%) in women and M. genitalium (11.4%) in men. Correlates for trichomoniasis included being female (adjusted relative risk, [aRR], 7.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.07–12.65), higher education (aRR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.38–0.89), and lower CD4 cell count (aRR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08–2.40). Being female (aRR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.27–4.50), nonmarried (aRR, 2.30; (95% CI, 1.28–4.14), and having condomless sex (aRR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.06–7.00) were independently associated with chlamydial infection. Across all infections, female (aRR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.79–2.98), nonmarried participants (aRR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.06–1.59), had higher risk to present with any STI, whereas pregnant women (aRR, 1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.31) were at increased risk of any STI or reproductive tract infection.

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Sexual HIV risk behaviour and associated factors among pregnant women in Mpumalanga, South Africa

Cited by 30 publications

References 34 publications

Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania

Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania

Delivering preexposure prophylaxis to pregnant and breastfeeding women in Sub-Saharan Africa

Prevalence and Correlates of Genital Infections Among Newly Diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults Entering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care in Windhoek, Namibia

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