Sexual Identity Disparities in Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in California: 2003–2013

Max, Wendy; Stark, Brad; Sung, Hai‐Yen; Offen, Naphtali

doi:10.2105/ajph.2016.303071

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We found that the overall prevalence of current cigarette smoking was higher among sexual minorities (22.5% in LGB adults) as compared to HET adults (15.3%), which is similar to the findings of other studies (Bennett et al, 2015; Fallin et al, 2015a; Fallin et al, 2015b; Johnson et al, 2016; King et al, 2012; Lee et al, 2009; Max et al, 2016). Justifications for this high prevalence include normative behavior of socializing at bars, to cope with stress, and having friends and family who smoke (Gruskin et al, 2008; Jannat-Khah et al, 2017; Remafedi, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014–2015

Nayak

Salazar

Kota

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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Sexual minority (lesbian, gay, and bisexual [LGB]) populations experience disparities in cigarette use, but sparse evidence exists about novel and other alternative tobacco product use. In this study, we compared rates of novel and other alternative tobacco product use, risk perceptions, and worldview between LGB and heterosexual (HET) adults. An online survey administered in 2014–2015, using a weighted probability sample of 11,525 U.S. adults, assessed awareness of tobacco products; ever and current use of e-cigarettes, cigars, little cigars and cigarillos, and hookahs; perceptions of e-cigarettes; and worldview (individualism vs. communitarianism). Bivariate and adjusted multivariable analyses were performed to determine differences between LGB and HET groups. In the adjusted analyses, LGB adults were 1.5 times more likely to have ever used e-cigarettes (95% CI 1.2–1.9) and 1.9 times more likely to have ever used hookahs (95% CI 1.5–2.4) as compared to HET adults. A lower percentage of LGB adults, as compared to HET adults (16.7% vs. 19.2%), believed that exposure to vapors from e-cigarettes was “harmful” and reported that they “did not know” of any harm (35.1% vs. 39.8%). LGB were 20% less likely than were HET adults to endorse an individualistic worldview. These results suggest that a disparity exists, whereby LGB adults are more likely to have used e-cigarettes and hookahs. In addition, although vapor from e-cigarettes contains nicotine and other chemicals, LGB adults are less likely to perceive exposure to secondhand vapor as harmful. Tailored awareness campaigns and interventions are needed to convey the risks and curb use of these products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014–2015

Nayak

Salazar

Kota

et al. 2017

Preventive Medicine

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“…• There is a higher prevalence of mentholated tobacco use among LGBT smokers [9], which increases nicotine addiction levels and increases difficulty in smoking cessation [10]. • Sexual and gender minorities are more likely to be exposed to involuntary smoking than their heterosexual counterparts [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SBM recommends policy support to reduce smoking disparities for sexual and gender minorities

Matthews

Blok

Lee

et al. 2018

Translational Behavioral Medicine

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The Society of Behavioral Medicine supports the inclusion of gender and sexual minorities in all local, state, and national tobacco prevention and control activities. These activities include surveillance of tobacco use and cessation activities, targeted outreach and awareness campaigns, increasing access to culturally appropriate tobacco use dependence treatments, and restricting disproportionate marketing to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities by the tobacco industry, especially for mentholated tobacco products.

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“…This can be attributed to a number of factors. For smoking, prevalence is decreasing in California as it is in the rest of the nation, though the rates for gay and bisexual men remain higher than rates for heterosexual men 6. In addition, lifestyle changes and improved treatments have resulted in fewer cases of and fewer deaths from smoking-related diseases 19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Members of the LGBT community, like many marginalised minorities, use tobacco at higher rates than the mainstream, which makes them more vulnerable to the harmful consequences of such behaviour 3–6. In spite of a growing movement to address tobacco addiction within the LGBT community, prevalence remains high, and tobacco use is rarely viewed as a priority issue by LGBT leaders or community members 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2009, the deaths of 21 000 California men were attributed to smoking, resulting in $5.2 billion in lost productivity 2. The mortality and economic burdens of smoking on the gay and bisexual community is unknown, but is of particular interest given that sexual minority men smoke at higher rates than heterosexual men 3–6. Infection by the HIV has often resulted in full blown AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deaths from smoking and from HIV/AIDS among gay and bisexual men in California, 2005–2050

et al. 2019

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IntroductionDeaths from HIV/AIDS have long been of concern to the gay community, but less attention has focused on smoking-attributable deaths despite the relatively high smoking rates among gay and bisexual men. This study compared deaths from HIV/AIDS with smoking-attributable deaths among California gay and bisexual men from 2005 to 2050.MethodsSmoking-attributable fractions (SAFs) were estimated using smoking prevalence for gay and bisexual men from the 2011–2014 California Health Interview Surveys and published relative risks of death. Smoking-attributable deaths were calculated by multiplying the SAFs by deaths among gay and bisexual men. Deaths from HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men was obtained from the California Department of Public Health. Future deaths from smoking and HIV/AIDS were projected using regression equations based on time trends.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2014, smoking caused over 6800 deaths among gay and bisexual men, while nearly 9500 died from HIV/AIDS. Mortality from both causes has been falling, but deaths from HIV/AIDS have been falling more rapidly. Projections suggest that in the mid-2040s, more gay/bisexual men will die from smoking than from HIV/AIDS.ConclusionSmoking will surpass HIV/AIDS as a cause of death among gay and bisexual men in California within a few decades. The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) community was highly effective in drawing attention and resources to the fight against HIV/AIDS, saving untold lives by hastening effective treatments. Lessons learnt in the fight against AIDS should be used to help fight the tobacco epidemic.

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Sexual Identity Disparities in Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure in California: 2003–2013

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014–2015

Prevalence of use and perceptions of risk of novel and other alternative tobacco products among sexual minority adults: Results from an online national survey, 2014–2015

SBM recommends policy support to reduce smoking disparities for sexual and gender minorities

Deaths from smoking and from HIV/AIDS among gay and bisexual men in California, 2005–2050

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