Sexual objectification in women's daily lives: A smartphone ecological momentary assessment study

Holland, Elise; Koval, Peter; Stratemeyer, Michelle; Thomson, Fiona J.; Haslam, Nick

doi:10.1111/bjso.12152

Cited by 94 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The construct validity of this single‐item measure is supported by Holland et al . 's () findings that this measure was positively associated with the related concepts of body shame and restrained eating, and negatively associated with self‐esteem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…State appearance awareness was assessed by asking ‘Since the last survey, how much have you been thinking about how you look to other people?’ on a scale from 0 ( Not at all ) to 10 ( Very much ). This single‐item approach was first used by Holland, Koval, Stratemeyer, Thomson, and Haslam () and was adapted from the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale Self‐Surveillance subscale (McKinley & Hyde, ). We retain the single‐item approach of Holland et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We retain the single‐item approach of Holland et al . () to minimize response burden from the number of items and number of assessments within the experience sampling method (ESM) phase of this study. The construct validity of this single‐item measure is supported by Holland et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life

Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz

Dias

Krug

et al. 2018

British J Health Psychol

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Collectively, the present findings offer some support for both motive- and appearance awareness-based explanations for the reduced benefits of exercise on body satisfaction exhibited in individuals with trait body dissatisfaction. Targeting the reasons for exercise and what one focuses on during exercise may be viable ways to overcome potential negative impacts of exercise on body image for these individuals. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? While the physical and psychological benefits of exercise are well established, recent findings suggest that these benefits for body satisfaction may be reduced (and possibly reversed) for individuals with elevated trait body dissatisfaction. The reasons for this moderating effect remain unclear. What does this study add? Trait body-dissatisfied individuals more often engaged in exercise for appearance-related reasons. Appearance motives for exercise are associated with smaller body satisfaction gains post-exercise. Reduced body satisfaction was also linked to increased appearance awareness post-exercise.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life

Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz

Dias

Krug

et al. 2018

British J Health Psychol

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“…Among a sample of U.S. college women, over 40% reported experiencing unwanted sexual attention from strangers at least once a month (Fairchild & Rudman, ). In an Australian sample, women reported an average of one encounter of stranger harassment every 2 days over a 7‐day period (Holland, Koval, Stratemeyer, Thomson, & Haslam, ). Notably, sexual objectification by strangers has been associated with more negative consequences for the target than sexual objectification by acquaintances (Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, Reynard, Skouteris, & McCabe, ), even when the encounters were not labeled as harassment (Schneider, Swan, & Fitzgerald, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of stranger harassment experiences in college women's perceived possibility of gender crimes happening to them

Donnelly

Calogero

2017

J Applied Social Pyschol

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The present study examined the relation between stranger harassment experiences and college women's perceived possibility of gender and nongender crimes happening to them. Undergraduate women attending a British university completed self‐report measures of stranger harassment and self‐objectification (i.e., self‐surveillance and body shame), and then evaluated four vignettes of various crimes on the severity of the crime and the likelihood of the crime happening to them. Results indicated that stranger harassment is a common experience for these British university women. Serial mediation analyses revealed a direct effect of stranger harassment on perceived likelihood of rape and perceived likelihood of intimate partner violence, and an indirect effect of stranger harassment on rape through self‐surveillance, whereas stranger harassment and indices of self‐objectification were unrelated to perceived likelihood of human trafficking and burglary. Discussion is centered on the role of objectifying experiences in perceptions of gender crimes where sexual and physical harm to women's bodies is emphasized, and the potential impact for those women on the receiving end of unwanted sexual objectification.

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“…Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) describes the negative psychological consequences women experience as a result of the sociocultural sexual objectification of the female body. Sexual objectification of young women is highly prevalent in modern industrialised societies, with women being targeted by a sexually objectifying event roughly once every two days, and witnessing sexual objectification of others once a day (Holland, Koval, Stratemeyer, Thomson, & Haslam, 2016). In contrast, men are sexually objectified far less than women (Loughnan & Pacilli, 2014).…”

Section: Competitivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why can’t we all just get along? A social psychological examination of women’s intra-gender hostility

Lizzio‐Wilson¹

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Women's intra-gender hostility has been the focus of attention in both the popular media and scholarly literature. However, important gaps still remain in our understanding of the construct validity, causes of, and contextual factors influencing this process. Thus I investigate the following under-explored questions in this thesis: a) is intra-gender hostility a form of conflict unique to women, or are similar processes also evident among men?; b) do the unique identity pressures women face as a lower status group contribute to their intra-gender hostility?; and c) what contextual factors modify women's intra-gender hostility?In Chapter 3, I find that men and women report similar levels of attitudinal intra-gender hostility, indicating that it is not a form of intra-group conflict more commonly faced by women. I also demonstrate that the factor structure of men and women's intra-and inter-gender hostility are distinct, suggesting that intra-gender hostility is a form of intra-group conflict rather than an expression of general negativity. Building on this in Chapter 4, I provide more convincing evidence that women's intra-gender hostility reflects and potentially reinforces their disadvantaged position.Specifically, I demonstrate that women's intra-gender hostility is related to the unique identity pressures they face as a lower status group and factors which reflect and potentially reinforce their disadvantaged position (i.e. sexual competitiveness regarding attractiveness, hostile sexism, private collective self-esteem). In contrast, men's intra-gender hostility was uniquely related to factors which reflect and reinforce their higher status position (i.e. hostility toward men). This suggests that men and women's intra-gender hostility may function in complementary ways to reinforce the gender-related status hierarchy.In Chapter 5, I further investigate how women's unique identity pressures contribute to their intra-gender hostility. I replicate findings from previous research that women who more (versus less) strongly endorse hostile and, to a lesser extent, benevolent sexism, demonstrate greater intra-gender hostility toward non-traditional women. However, I extend these findings by demonstrating that collective threat (the concern that the poor behaviour of an ingroup will be generalised to a negative stereotype of the entire group Cohen & Garcia, 2005); partially explains hostile (but not benevolent) sexists' intra-gender hostility. This provides further evidence that the unique identity pressures women face contribute to their intra-gender hostility, and preliminary evidence to suggest that unique identity pressures related to gender-role appropriate behaviour and maintaining a positive social identity can influence women's attitudes toward and treatment of other women in certain circumstances.Finally in Chapter 6, I investigate the social psychological factors which may contextually activate or attenuate women's intra-gender hostility in the face of social identity threat. I replicate findings fro...

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Sexual objectification in women's daily lives: A smartphone ecological momentary assessment study

Cited by 94 publications

References 53 publications

Motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life

Motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life

The role of stranger harassment experiences in college women's perceived possibility of gender crimes happening to them

Why can’t we all just get along? A social psychological examination of women’s intra-gender hostility

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