Sexual Orientation Wage Gaps across Local Labour Market Contexts: Evidence from Canada

Abstract

Tous droits réservés © Département des relations industrielles de l'Université Laval, 2017 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit.Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l

A systematic review and thematic synthesis of Canada’s LGBTQ2S+ employment, labour market and earnings literature

“…Sexual minorities are concentrated in large cities, especially Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal [22]. Denier and Waite [22] were interested in whether estimates of sexual minority wage gaps varied across these areas. In particular, they investigated whether wage gaps in Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver were smaller than those in rural Canada.…”

Sexual orientation at work: Documenting and understanding wage inequality

“…Tilcsik (2011 finds that call-back rates are lower in states with less favorable attitudes towards "homosexuality." Other studies find that wage differentials for gay men and lesbians are lower in large urban centers, which tend to have more tolerant populations (Arabsheibani, Marin, & Wadsworth, 2004;Denier & Waite, 2017). Antidiscrimination legislation and public sector employment are also associated with reduced sexual orientation wage inequality (Ahmed, Andersson, & Hammarstedt, 2013a;Waite & Denier, 2015).…”

“…Audit studies find that gay men and lesbians are less likely to receive interview offers than heterosexual job seekers, suggesting that employment discrimination may contribute to the wage hierarchy (Adam, ; Ahmed, Andersson, & Hammarstedt, ; Mishel, ; Tilcsik, ). Tilcsik () finds that call‐back rates are lower in states with less favorable attitudes towards “homosexuality.” Other studies find that wage differentials for gay men and lesbians are lower in large urban centers, which tend to have more tolerant populations (Arabsheibani, Marin, & Wadsworth, ; Denier & Waite, ). Antidiscrimination legislation and public sector employment are also associated with reduced sexual orientation wage inequality (Ahmed, Andersson, & Hammarstedt, ; Waite & Denier, ).…”

“…At the same time, bisexual men and women had earnings that were statistically indistinguishable from their heterosexual counterparts. This divergent finding was sensitive to model specification and could result from inability to control for urban/rural residence with the NHIS data; gay men, especially, are more likely to live in large cities, where wages are generally higher (Denier & Waite, ). These findings stress the importance of theorizing and measuring bisexuality as a distinct sexual orientation category and using samples with both singles and couples to understanding sexual orientation wage gaps.…”

“…New questions on population‐representative surveys have shifted focus to documenting sexual orientation wage gaps. Large‐scale studies of wage inequality have been published almost exclusively by labor economists (for a review, see Klawitter, ; sociological exceptions include Baumle, ; Baumle & Poston, ; Denier & Waite, , ; Mize, ; Waite & Denier, ). Insights from these diverse literatures have not been fully incorporated with one another.…”