“…My proposal is motivated by the observation of a tension that partially marks the literature on the metaphysics of gender. This tension lies between trans-inclusive conceptions that understand gender categories as importantly partly self-determined identities (e.g., Bettcher, 2009, 2013; Jenkins, 2016; McKitrick, 2015) and those that understand them as social or cultural categories imposed upon others as a tool of oppression, and thus not largely self-determined (e.g., Alcoff, 2006; Ásta, 2013, 2018; Haslanger, 2000; Millett, 1971; Okin, 1987; Witt, 2011a, 2011b). My proposal mediates this tension.…”