Sexual Recombination in the Botrytis cinerea Populations in Hungarian Vineyards

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea (anamorph of Botryotinia fuckeliana) causes gray mold on a high number of crop plants including grapes. In this study, we investigated the genetic properties of a grape pathogenic population of B. cinerea in the area of Eger, Hungary. A total of 109 isolates from 12 areas were sampled. Based on the sequence of the beta-tubulin (tub1) locus, they all belong to group II, a phylogenetic species within B. cinerea. Seventy-four isolates were classified as transposa, with both the Flipper and Boty transposons, and 10 were classified as vacuma, lacking both transposons. The remaining isolates contained either only Flipper (13) or Boty (12). Multilocus analysis of sequences from tub1 and two other loci (elongation factor 1-alpha, tef1, and a minisatellite from the intron of an ATPase, MSB1) led to poor phylogenetic resolution of strains in individual clades. Analysis of five microsatellites (Bc2, Bc3, Bc5, Bc6, and Bc10) resulted in 55 microsatellite haplotypes within the 109 strains. No correlation was detected among individual haplotypes and the presence/absence of Flipper and/or Boty, the geographic origin, or the year of isolation. Application of the index of association, the chi-square test, and the phi test consistently indicated that the population of Hungarian isolates of B. cinerea undergoes sexual reproduction. However, the index of association test suggested the presence of some clonality, and the fixation index showed a low or occasionally moderate level of fixation in the Flipper populations. We conclude that the B. cinerea populations in Hungary consist of a strongly recombining group II phylogenetic species.

Characterization of Egyptian <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> Isolates from Different Host Plants

“…The other isolate types found in our samples were: boty isolates (21.2%), flipper isolates (9.1%), and vacuma isolates (6.1%). This result was in agreement with previous studies that had demonstrated the significant predominance of transposa type [19] [45]- [47]. Otherwise, the vacuma isolates had been previously reported as a predominant type in other host plants [37].…”

Genetic characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from pine and eucalyptus nurseries in Bio‐Bio Region, Chile

“…Frequencies varying from 10 to 16% have been reported in Hungarian vineyards and California, respectively (Váczy et al. ; Ma and Michailides ). Because the boty genotype was not described as part of the Group II (Fournier et al.…”

Presence of Transposons and Mycoviruses in Botrytis cinerea Isolates Collected from a German Grapevine Growing Region

“…; Váczy et al. ), clone mates were identified by calculating the probability ( P GEN ) of each multilocus genotype (MLG) arising through sexual instead of clonal reproduction using the software genclone V2.0 (Arnaud‐Haond and Belkhir ). Isolates which shared MLGs with P GEN < 0.05 were considered as having undergone clonal reproduction.…”