Sexual Revictimization

Classen, Catherine; Palesh, Oxana; Aggarwal, Rashi

doi:10.1177/1524838005275087

Cited by 653 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Racism and sexual orientation were the only forms of victimisation measured in this study but it is possible that other forms of victimisation, such as sexual violence, may also arise following the experience of earlier sexual abuse in BME MSM. This phenomenon has been described as "revictimisation" (Classen, Palesh, & Aggarwal, 2005). However, our study suggests that revictimisation is not necessarily sexual in nature.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Jaspal

Lopes

Jamal³

et al. 2017

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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Black and minority ethnic (BME) men who have sex with men (MSM) face a major burden in relation to HIV infection. It was hypothesised that sexual abuse would predict sexual risk-taking, and that this relationship would be mediated by victimisation and maladaptive coping variables. Four hundred and thirty-two BME MSM completed the survey; 54% reported no sexual abuse and 27% reported sexual abuse. Mann-Whitney tests showed that MSM with a history of sexual abuse reported higher frequency of drug use, and of homophobia and racism than those reporting no prior sexual abuse. A structural equation model showed that the experience of sexual abuse was positively associated with sexual risk-taking and that this relationship was mediated by victimisation variables: frequency of racism and frequency of homophobia and by the maladaptive coping variable: frequency of drug use. The findings can inform the design of psycho-sexual and behavioural interventions for BME MSM. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Jaspal

Lopes

Jamal³

et al. 2017

Mental Health, Religion & Culture

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“…That being the case, a question can be raised about our failure to find a similar pattern for intimate partner sexual violence, as the latter seems to contradict studies showing that sexual assault re-victimization is associated with poor mental health (Classen, Palesh, & Aggarwal, 2005; Das & Otis, 2016; Miner, Flitter, & Robinson, 2006). However, these studies focused largely on victims of childhood sexual assault who were versus were not re-victimized as adults, whereas our analysis compares adult sexual assault victims who were versus were not previously victimized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Kessler

Aguilar‐Gaxiola

Alonso

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

1,036

720

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Background: Although post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) onset-persistence is thought to vary significantly by trauma type, most epidemiological surveys are incapable of assessing this because they evaluate lifetime PTSD only for traumas nominated by respondents as their ‘worst.’ Objective: To review research on associations of trauma type with PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys, a series of epidemiological surveys that obtained representative data on trauma-specific PTSD. Method: WMH Surveys in 24 countries (n = 68,894) assessed 29 lifetime traumas and evaluated PTSD twice for each respondent: once for the ‘worst’ lifetime trauma and separately for a randomly-selected trauma with weighting to adjust for individual differences in trauma exposures. PTSD onset-persistence was evaluated with the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results: In total, 70.4% of respondents experienced lifetime traumas, with exposure averaging 3.2 traumas per capita. Substantial between-trauma differences were found in PTSD onset but less in persistence. Traumas involving interpersonal violence had highest risk. Burden of PTSD, determined by multiplying trauma prevalence by trauma-specific PTSD risk and persistence, was 77.7 person-years/100 respondents. The trauma types with highest proportions of this burden were rape (13.1%), other sexual assault (15.1%), being stalked (9.8%), and unexpected death of a loved one (11.6%). The first three of these four represent relatively uncommon traumas with high PTSD risk and the last a very common trauma with low PTSD risk. The broad category of intimate partner sexual violence accounted for nearly 42.7% of all person-years with PTSD. Prior trauma history predicted both future trauma exposure and future PTSD risk. Conclusions: Trauma exposure is common throughout the world, unequally distributed, and differential across trauma types with respect to PTSD risk. Although a substantial minority of PTSD cases remits within months after onset, mean symptom duration is considerably longer than previously recognized.

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“…In the literature, it was emphasized that SA and SR victims have also experienced physical abuse (Fergusson, Horwood & Lynskey, 1997;Meinck, Cluver, Boyes & Mhlongo, 2015), that they do not have close child-parent relationship (Breiding et al, 2011;Fergusson, Horwood & Lynskey, 1997;Meinck, Cluver, Boyes & Mhlongo, 2015), that they have alcohol abuse (Blom, Hogberg, Olofsson & Danielsson, 2014;Classen Palesh, & Aggarwal, 2005;Davies and Jones, 2013), that there is a negative circle of friends (Tyler, Hoyt, Whitbeck, & Cauce, 2001), that they self-mutilate (Noll, Horowitz, Bonanno, Trickett & Putnam, 2003), that they have low academic achievement levels (Butler, 2013;Ibrahim, Jalali, Al-Ahmadi & Al-Bar, 2008), and that they skip school (Breiding et al, 2011). However, it was determined that the mentioned variables are observed in the SR victims and not in the victims who experienced SA once.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study, it was determined that being younger, being female, having mental issues, lack of a caregiver at home, and the existence of domestic violence increase the possibility of SR (Pittenger, 2016). According to Classen Palesh and Aggarwal (2005), the presence of such demographic qualities as physical abuse, substance abuse, and having a dysfunctional family increases the risk of SR. Similarly, in a study in which childhood sexual abuse and experiencing SA in adolescence were examined, it was determined that SA is related to a series of familial factors such as dysfunctional, socially-disadvantaged family structure, distorted child-parent relationship, and compliance problems of parents, and that these factors increase sexual vulnerability in adolescence (Fergusson, Horwood & Lynskey, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Individual and Familial Risk Factors of the Adolescents Exposed to Sexual Revictimization: The First Data from Turkey*

Yurtay¹

2017

PROSOC

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Childhood sexual abuse (SA) is an important problem worldwide. There are many studies concerning the individual and familial risk factors for SA. However, in literature it is emphasized that there is a need for studies on the risk factors concerning sexual revictimization (SR). Because there is no study on the possible risk factors of SR in Turkey, the aim of this study is to determine whether there are meaningful differences between the possible individual and familial risk factors of individuals who have been exposed to SR and individuals who have not been exposed to SR. A total of 210 parents of adolescent girls participated in the study, 70 of them with daughters who have experienced SR, 70 of them with daughters who experienced SA once, and 70 of them with daughters who have not experienced SA. In order to collect data, a Family Information Form developed by the researchers was used. In the analysis of data, Chi Square tests and Holm's Sequential Bonferroni Method were employed. As a result of analyses, it was determined that adolescents who have experienced SR have more alcohol consumption in their family compared to the adolescents who have experienced SA once and the adolescents in the control group. It was also determined that these adolescents experience physical abuse in the hands of their fathers, that they have problems with their parents about curfew hours and boyfriends, that they have a negative circle of friends, that they consume alcohol and perform self-mutilative behaviors, that they skip classes and have a low academic success level. In addition to these, it was determined that compared to the comparison group, the adolescents with SR as well as the adolescents who have experienced SA once have parents with lower education levels, that they experience more family problems recently, and that their mothers are physically abused. With this study on SR, which is the first of its kind in Turkey, it was determined that victims experience various individual and familial problems and that their parents need psychosocial support. The results were discussed under the light of literature, and suggestions were made.

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Sexual Revictimization

Cited by 653 publications

References 98 publications

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Sexual abuse and HIV-risk behaviour among black and minority ethnic men who have sex with men in the UK

Trauma and PTSD in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

The Individual and Familial Risk Factors of the Adolescents Exposed to Sexual Revictimization: The First Data from Turkey*

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