Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Paiva, Afonso; Casseb, Jorge

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0232-2013

Cited by 59 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 90 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…However, it is important to note that 22.6% of patients with ATLL in New York City are born in North America because ATLL is often missed in American‐born patients as it is not expected, and this has potential implications for treatment. This low‐level endemicity of HTLV‐1 can likely be explained by vertical transmission from infected mothers in the United States or horizontal transmission through sexual intercourse to people born in the United States …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and survival trend of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States

Shah

Qiao

et al. 2019

Cancer

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Background Globally, 5 million to 10 million people are infected with human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1, which causes adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in 2% to 5% of the carriers. ATLL is a rare but extremely aggressive malignancy that can be challenging to diagnose. Very little data exist on the incidence patterns of ATLL in the United States. Methods ATLL cases reported to the National Program of Cancer Registries, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, and the New York State Cancer Registry were used for the study. Age‐adjusted incidence rates were calculated by age, race/ethnicity, sex, and year of diagnosis. The 5‐year survival rate was compared among race/ethnicity groups with the SEER data. Results During 2001‐2015, 2148 ATLL cases were diagnosed in the United States, 18% of which were in New York State. New York State had the highest incidence rate for ATLL, with a rising trend especially among non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs), whereas the incidence was stable across the remainder of the United States. NHBs were diagnosed at a younger median age (54 years) and had a shorter overall survival (6 months). In New York City, only 22.6% of the ATLL cases diagnosed were born in North America. Conclusions This is the largest epidemiological study of ATLL in the United States and shows a rising incidence in New York City. NHBs have a younger age at presentation and poor overall survival. The rising incidence is largely due to NHBs originating from the Caribbean.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and survival trend of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States

Shah

Qiao

et al. 2019

Cancer

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“…Higher PVL tend to be associated with complications related to HTLV‐1, including HAM/TSP, adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma, HTLV‐1‐associated infective dermatitis, and HTLV‐1 uveitis . Thus, differences in PVL between couples might be due to differences in the distribution of patients with these complications between the seroconcordant and serodiscordant groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PVL is an important factor during the HTLV‐1 infection; it has been associated with HAM/TSP progression, and may also be associated with transmission, regardless of the transmission path . In this report, we analyzed the PVL in 56 couples, including 19 seroconcordant couples and 37 serodiscordant couples, the latter including 25 women and 12 men.…”

Section: Htlv‐1 Dna Pvlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High risk of heterosexual transmission of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Brazil

Paiva

Smid

Haziot

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is transmitted primarily either through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. The current study investigated sexual transmission and compared the HTLV-1 proviral load between seroconcordant and serodiscordant couples by examining both men and women among the index partners without using subjective criteria to establish the direction of sexual transmission. Between January 2013 and May 2015, 178 HTLV-1-positive patients had spouses, 107 of which had tested partners, thus increasing the initial sample size (46 men and 61 women). Individuals co-infected with HTLV-2 or human immunodeficiency virus were not included in the analysis. From among the included participants, 26 men and 26 women were paired with each other, resulting in 26 seroconcordant couples; 12 seroconcordant couples were formed from another four men and eight women. Forty-three serodiscordant couples were formed from 16 men and 27 women. The rate of seroconcordance was 46.9%. The HTLV-1 proviral load was compared between 19 and 37 seroconcordant and serodiscondant couples, respectively, and the concordant couples showed higher proviral loads (P = 0.03). There were no differences between the groups according to age, relationship length, having a mother or sibling with HTLV-1, race, ethnicity, nationality, education, history of blood transfusion, HAM/TSP, ALT, or hepatitis C virus status. In multivariate analysis, relationship time was shown associated with ocurrence of seroconcordance status. The apparent association between high circulating levels of provirus and seroconcordance rate among couples suggests that proviral loads contribute markedly to the risk of sexual transmission, regardless of gender index.

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“…In Japan, it is estimated that HTLV‐1 infects 1.08 million people, with HTLV‐1 prevalence especially high in southwestern areas . The three main infection routes are breast milk from carrier mothers to their babies, sexual intercourse (mainly male‐to‐female transmission), and transfusion of blood containing infected leukocytes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of HTLV‐1 proviral load (PVL) and antibody detected with various kinds of tests in Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level and to gain insights toward better antibody testing

Matsumoto

Sagara²,

Sobata

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) occurs in approximately 5% of individuals infected with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). A high proviral load (PVL; more than four copies per 100 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or 1.6 copies per 100 blood leukocytes) and being male are risk factors for ATL development. Whether anti-HTLV-1 antibody level is related to such risk is unknown. Here, PVL and antibody levels were examined using real-time PCR and other tests in 600 HTLV-1 positive screened Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level in asymptomatic carriers and to gain insights toward better antibody testing for HTLV-1 infection. The 430 donors in whom proviral DNA was detected were considered as true positives for HTLV-1 infection. Among donors aged 40 years or older, more males than females had a PVL corresponding to more than 1.6% infected leukocytes, and an antibody titer below the median (P = 0.0018). In antibody tests using an HTLV-1 positive cell line or Env antigens there was a large discrepancy in antibody titer among 13 provirus-positive samples, probably suggesting that antibody-based screening tests should incorporate multiple HTLV-1 antigens, such as Gag and Env antigens.

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Sexual transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1

Cited by 59 publications

References 90 publications

Epidemiology and survival trend of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States

Epidemiology and survival trend of adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma in the United States

High risk of heterosexual transmission of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Brazil

Analysis of HTLV‐1 proviral load (PVL) and antibody detected with various kinds of tests in Japanese blood donors to understand the relationship between PVL and antibody level and to gain insights toward better antibody testing

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