Sexual Transmission of Viral Hepatitis

Lloyd, Audrey R.; Franco, Ricardo

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2023.02.010

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In the US, most HCV infections (57%) are associated with injection drug use . HCV infection is associated with high-risk sexual practices (including those resulting in bleeding or damage to mucosa and drug use during sex) primarily among men who have sex with men living with HIV . Mother to child transmission of HCV occurs in 5.8% (95% CI, 4.2%-7.8%) of infants born to mothers with HCV infection and 10.8% (95% CI, 7.6%-15.2%) of infants born to mothers with HCV and HIV infection .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 HCV infection is associated with high-risk sexual practices (including those resulting in bleeding or damage to mucosa and drug use during sex) primarily among men who have sex with men living with HIV. 5 Mother to child transmission of HCV occurs in 5.8% (95% CI, 4.2%-7.8%) of infants born to mothers with HCV infection and 10.8% (95% CI, 7.6%-15.2%) of infants born to mothers with HCV and HIV infection. 6 Among individuals infected with HCV, approximately 15% to 45% clear the infection spontaneously in the acute phase, within the first 6 months of infection.…”

Section: Hcv Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hepatitis C in Black Individuals in the US

Falade-Nwulia,

Kelly,

Amanor-Boadu

et al. 2023

JAMA

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ImportanceIn the US, the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is 1.8% among people who are Black and 0.8% among people who are not Black. Mortality rates due to HCV are 5.01/100 000 among people who are Black and 2.98/100 000 among people who are White.ObservationsWhile people of all races and ethnicities experienced increased rates of incident HCV between 2015 and 2021, Black individuals experienced the largest percentage increase of 0.3 to 1.4/100 000 (367%) compared with 1.8 to 2.7/100 000 among American Indian/Alaska Native (50%), 0.3 to 0.9/100 000 among Hispanic (200%), and 0.9 to 1.6/100 000 among White (78%) populations. Among 47 687 persons diagnosed with HCV in 2019-2020, including 37 877 (79%) covered by Medicaid (7666 Black and 24 374 White individuals), 23.5% of Black people and 23.7% of White people with Medicaid insurance initiated HCV treatment. Strategies to increase HCV screening include electronic health record prompts for universal HCV screening, which increased screening tests from 2052/month to 4169/month in an outpatient setting. Awareness of HCV status can be increased through point-of-care testing in community-based settings, which was associated with increased likelihood of receiving HCV test results compared with referral for testing off-site (69% on-site vs 19% off-site, P &lt; .001). Access to HCV care can be facilitated by patient navigation, in which an individual is assigned to work with a patient to help them access care and treatments; this was associated with greater likelihood of HCV care access (odds ratio, 3.7 [95% CI, 2.9-4.8]) and treatment initiation within 6 months (odds ratio, 3.2 [95% CI, 2.3-4.2]) in a public health system providing health care to individuals regardless of their insurance status or ability to pay compared with usual care. Eliminating Medicaid’s HCV treatment restrictions, including removal of a requirement for advanced fibrosis or a specialist prescriber, was associated with increased treatment rates from 2.4 persons per month to 72.3 persons per month in a retrospective study of 10 336 adults with HCV with no significant difference by race (526/1388 [37.8%] for Black vs 2706/8277 [32.6%] for White patients; adjusted odds ratio, 1.02 [95% CI, 0.8-1.3]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn the US, the prevalence of HCV is higher in people who are Black than in people who are not Black. Point-of-care HCV tests, patient navigation, electronic health record prompts, and unrestricted access to HCV treatment in community-based settings have potential to increase diagnosis and treatment of HCV and improve outcomes in people who are Black.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hcv Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Hepatitis C in Black Individuals in the US

Falade-Nwulia,

Kelly,

Amanor-Boadu

et al. 2023

JAMA

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“…Importantly, HBV-infected individuals may progress to chronic hepatitis, further resulting in the emergence of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. , According to statistics, more than 250 million individuals infected with HBV are at risk of severe complications, such as cirrhosis and HCC . Due to the various infection pathways of HBV, such as blood, bodily fluids, and sexual contact, infected individuals experience significant psychological burdens and are susceptible to social discrimination. , In conclusion, there is an urgent need to develop a more comprehensive treatment strategy to effectively eliminate the hepatitis virus.…”

Section: Types Of Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…135 Due to the various infection pathways of HBV, such as blood, bodily fluids, and sexual contact, infected individuals experience significant psychological burdens and are susceptible to social discrimination. 142,143 In conclusion, there is an urgent need to develop a more comprehensive treatment strategy to effectively eliminate the hepatitis virus.…”

Section: Types Of Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging mRNA Technology for Liver Disease Therapy

Wang,

Fang,

Luo

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Liver diseases have consistently posed substantial challenges to global health. It is crucial to find innovative methods to effectively prevent and treat these diseases. In recent times, there has been an increasing interest in the use of mRNA formulations that accumulate in liver tissue for the treatment of hepatic diseases. In this review, we start by providing a detailed introduction to the mRNA technology. Afterward, we highlight types of liver diseases, discussing their causes, risks, and common therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we summarize the latest advancements in mRNA technology for the treatment of liver diseases. This includes systems based on hepatocyte growth factor, hepatitis B virus antibody, left−right determination factor 1, human hepatocyte nuclear factor α, interleukin-12, methylmalonyl-coenzyme A mutase, etc. Lastly, we provide an outlook on the potential of mRNA technology for the treatment of liver diseases, while also highlighting the various technical challenges that need to be addressed. Despite these difficulties, mRNA-based therapeutic strategies may change traditional treatment methods, bringing hope to patients with liver diseases.

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Hepatitis B Virus Elimination Strategies

Xu,

Terrault

2024

Curr Hepatology Rep

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Purpose of Review The World Health Assembly called to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat in 2016 and proposed elimination goals by 2030. This review examined current national and global progress with hepatitis B virus elimination, and the hurdles and solutions being undertaken to achieve elimination goals. Recent Findings Few countries are on target to achieve the elimination targets of a 95% reduction in new infections and a 65% reduction in mortality by 2030. Gaps towards elimination remain, such as low infant vaccine coverage in low-income countries and continued under-diagnosis and low rates of treatment globally. Summary HBV elimination is feasible but will require continued focus on infant and childhood vaccine coverage, improving blood and injection safety, increasing harm reduction measures among persons who use drugs, and providing broader access to low-cost diagnostics and antiviral treatment.

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Sexual Transmission of Viral Hepatitis

Cited by 7 publications

References 73 publications

Hepatitis C in Black Individuals in the US

Hepatitis C in Black Individuals in the US

Emerging mRNA Technology for Liver Disease Therapy

Hepatitis B Virus Elimination Strategies

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