Sexual Victimization

Rozée, Patricia D.

doi:10.1007/0-306-47185-x_6

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…In addition, most prevention programs targeting women devote little or no time to actual resistance strategies when confronted with an assailant despite overwhelming evidence of the greater effectiveness of certain resistance strategies over others in avoiding rape (Bachar & Koss, 2001;Ullman, 1997). When included, resistance advice is often inaccurate and based on myths rather than on empirical evidence documenting the effectiveness of verbal and physical resistance in preventing rape (Rozee, 2000a). For example, women have often been advised to assess the "type" of rapist (e.g., sadistic rapist) before resisting, despite evidence that the type of rapist is irrelevant to the effectiveness of various forms of resistance and actually may put the woman in more danger by delaying her immediate response (Ullman & Knight, 1995).…”

Section: Psychosocial Interventions: Rape Prevention Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Algorithms such as assess, acknowledge, and act (AAA), will require confronting societal ambivalence about women resisting rape (Gavey, 1999;McCaughey, 1998). On the one hand, there is the strong cultural message that rape resistance is both futile and dangerous (Rozee, 2000a), and women have been conditioned to believe it (Ryckman, Kaczor & Thornton, 1992). On the other hand, women who do not resist are more likely to be raped (Furby & Fischhoff, 1986;Kleck & Sayles, 1990;Koss & Mukai, 1993;Ullman, 1997Ullman, , 1998Ullman & Knight, 1991Ullman & Siegel, 1993;Zoucha-Jensen & Coyne, 1993); more often blamed for the rape (Ong & Ward, 1999); and are likely to suffer the associated deleterious physical and psychological aftereffects (Koss & Heslet, 1992;Koss, Koss, & Woodruff, 1991;Mantese et al, 1991;Wyatt, 1992).…”

Section: Advantages Of Rape Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite relatively narrow legal definitions of rape, it continues to be prevalent both in the U.S. and worldwide (Heise, Ellsberg, and Gottemoeller, 1999;Koss, Heise, & Russo, 1994;Rozee, 1993). Rape and other forms of violence against women have been declared by many to be the most pervasive yet least recognized human rights issues in the world today (Heise, Ellsberg, and Gottemoeller, 1999;Rozee, 2000a). Koss, Heise, and Russo (1994) estimated the lifetime prevalence of rape and attempted rape among college-aged women in industrialized nations to range between 21% and 27%.…”

Section: Rape Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The psychological barriers to rape resistance include socialization to "be nice" and put others' needs before our own; fear of hurting another; fear of rejection; fear of angering the man and thus being physically injured if he resists; worry about being embarrassed or offending the man by drawing the attention of others; fear of men's greater size and underestimation of their own physical capacities and responses (Norris, Nurius & Dimeff, 1996). Many women fear they will freeze if confronted with an attacker (Norris, Nurius & Dimeff, 1996;Rozee, 2000a) despite evidence that few actually do (Riger & Gordon, 1989). All these factors are situated in a context of women's socialized lack of feelings of ownership and entitlement to control their own bodies, ambivalence about their own sexual desires, and a need to maintain relationships with men (Cheryl Travis, personal communication, March, 2001).…”

Section: Resistance Training For Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When sequence of events is considered, it is found that women resist more when they are being hurt rather than the reverse (Ullman, 1997). Despite the empirical evidence to the contrary, there is still the belief among police, the public, and even some rape crisis workers that if you fight back you will be more severely injured (Rozee, 2000a). Furby, Fischhoff, and Morgan (1989) report that survey respondents believe that injury is the most likely outcome of self-defense against rape.…”

Section: Advantages Of Rape Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Rape: A Century of Resistance

Rozée

Koss

2001

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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286

327

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In this paper, we offer an overview of feminist contributions to the reframing and redefinition of rape over the last century. Topics of discussion include empirical research on rape prevalence that shows a consistent 15% prevalence rate despite continuing rape prevention and education efforts. The effects of sociocultural interventions focusing on legal reforms and psychosocial interventions focusing on rape prevention and education efforts are reviewed. The paper concludes with suggestions for refocusing intervention efforts to include rape prevention training for men, rape resistance training for women, and community-based legal interventions.

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Section: Psychosocial Interventions: Rape Prevention Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages Of Rape Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rape Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance Training For Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages Of Rape Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Rape: A Century of Resistance

Rozée

Koss

2001

Psychology of Women Quarterly

Self Cite

286

327

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Women’s Behavioral Responses to the Threat of a Hypothetical Date Rape Stimulus: A Qualitative Analysis

et al. 2016

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One in four college women experience sexual assault on campus; yet, campuses rarely provide the in-depth self-defense programs needed to reduce sexual assault risk. Further, little is known about the range of possible behaviors elicited by sexual assault threat stimuli besides assertion. To fill this gap, the aim of the current study was to explore qualitative themes in women's intended behavioral responses to a hypothetical sexual assault threat, date rape, by using a laboratory-controlled threat. College women (N = 139) were randomly assigned to one of four different levels of sexual assault threat presented via an audio-recorded vignette. Participants articulated how they would hypothetically respond to the experimentally assigned threat. Responses were blinded and analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology. Six major themes emerged: assertion, compliance/acceptance, conditional decision making, avoidance, expressions of discomfort, and allusion to future contact. Although almost all participants described assertion, a number of non-assertive responses were described that are not currently recognized in the literature. These non-assertive responses, including compliance/acceptance, conditional decision making, and avoidance, may represent unique behavioral response styles and likely reflect the complex psychological process of behavioral response to threat. The variety of themes found illustrates the great range of behavioral responses to threat. This broad range is not currently well represented or measured in the literature and better understanding of these responses can inform future interventions, advocacy efforts, and policies focused on sexual assault.

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The mediating role of perceived safety on street harassment and anxiety.

Davidson¹,

Butchko²,

Robbins³

et al. 2016

Psychology of Violence

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Objective: Despite the high prevalence rates of street harassment for women, few studies have examined negative outcomes of this distressing experience. The current study aimed to further this area of inquiry by investigating potential consequences of street harassment, including perceptions of safety and anxiety among college women. Specifically, this study introduced and tested a mediation model in which women's experiences of street harassment may lead to less perceived safety in public spaces, specifically isolated and busy public spaces, which in turn may lead to more anxiety. Method: To examine the model, undergraduate women (N ϭ 501) completed measures of street harassment, perceived safety, and general anxiety. Results: Most participants (57-88%) reported experiencing verbal street harassment whereas 11-33% reported experiencing sexual forms of street harassment. Significant correlations emerged among street harassment, safety perceptions in busy and isolated public settings, and anxiety. Consistent with the model, safety perceptions in isolated public settings emerged as a significant mediator of the relation between street harassment and anxiety. Conclusion: This study begins to fill important gaps in the current literature related to mental health and psychological outcomes of street harassment. Specifically, street harassment is shown to promote safety concerns and anxiety more generally among college women.

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Sexual Victimization

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Rape: A Century of Resistance

Rape: A Century of Resistance

Women’s Behavioral Responses to the Threat of a Hypothetical Date Rape Stimulus: A Qualitative Analysis

The mediating role of perceived safety on street harassment and anxiety.

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