Sexual Violence Against Women With Disabilities: Experiences With Force and Lifetime Risk

Ledingham, Emily; Wright, Graham; Mitra, Monika

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2021.12.015

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Gender-based and other socio-economic risk factors intersect with the stigma [18] and the associated discrimination to increase their vulnerability to sexual IPV [7,8]. This finding is in line with previous studies in Uganda on lifetime sexual IPV [18], Zimbabwe [7] and elsewhere [6,20,21,32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It increases the risk of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV, unwanted pregnancies, miscarriages, gynecological and sexual disorders, is associated with the highest burden of post-traumatic stress disorder [15], and could be fatal [16,17]. Owing to the impairments, associated stigma, devaluation, among other factors, studies in developed and developing countries, Uganda inclusive [18], show that women with disabilities are more likely to experience multiple forms of violence, sexual violence inclusive, relative to women without disabilities [9,[19][20][21][22]. Studies in developed such as Canada and developing countries such as Zimbabwe show that persons with disabilities experience violence for longer durations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in developed such as Canada and developing countries such as Zimbabwe show that persons with disabilities experience violence for longer durations. The violence is usually more severe and increases with cognitive, hearing, multiple forms, and severity of disabilities [5,7,21,23,24]. Hence, women with disabilities are more likely to be exposed the negative outcomes of sexual IPV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data

Kwagala

Galande²

2022

BMC Public Health

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Background Women with disabilities in developing countries experience significant marginalization, which negatively affects their reproductive health. This study examined the association between disability status and sexual intimate partner violence; the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status; and the variations in the determinants by disability status. Methods The study, which was based on a merged dataset of 2006, 2011 and 2016 Uganda Demographic Surveys, used a weighted sample of 9689 cases of married women selected for the domestic violence modules. Data were analyzed using frequency distributions and chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions. Other key explanatory variables included partner’s alcohol consumption and witnessing parental violence. A model with disability status as an interaction term helped to establish variations in the determinants of sexual intimate partner violence by disability status. Results Sexual IPV was higher among women with disabilities (25% compared to 18%). Disability status predicted sexual intimate partner violence with higher odds among women with disabilities (aOR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.10–2.07). The determinants of sexual intimate partner violence for women with disabilities were: partner’s frequency of getting drunk, having witnessed parental violence, occupation, and wealth index. The odds of sexual intimate partner violence were higher among women whose partners often or sometimes got drunk, that had witnessed parental violence, were involved in agriculture and manual work; and those that belonged to the poorer and middle wealth quintiles. Results for these variables revealed similar patterns irrespective of disability status. However, women with disabilities in the agriculture and manual occupations and in the poorer and rich wealth quintiles had increased odds of sexual intimate partner violence compared to nondisabled women in the same categories. Conclusion Determinants of sexual intimate partner violence mainly relate to partners’ behaviors and the socialization process. Addressing sexual intimate partner violence requires prioritizing partners’ behaviors, and gender norms and proper childhood modelling, targeting men, women, families and communities. Interventions targeting women with disabilities should prioritize women in agriculture and manual occupations, and those above the poverty line.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data

Kwagala

Galande²

2022

BMC Public Health

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“…As stated by other authors, women with any type of disability reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime, approximately double the proportion of that experienced by nondisabled women, with women with multiple disabilities experiencing the most significant prevalence and risk compared to non-disabled women. Women with cognitive disabilities or multiple disabilities were significantly more likely to experience either physical or nonphysical force during their first intercourse than non-disabled women [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Several barriers, such as deficiencies in communication and collaboration among agencies or specific training, have been described regarding sexuality in people with intellectual disabilities [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Scale on Society’s Attitudes towards the Sexuality of Women with Intellectual Disabilities—Survey Study

Rojas-Chaves

Matheu

Castro-Luna

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: The main aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire in Spanish to acknowledge the perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities. We sought to cover specific spheres of sexuality, such as sexual capacity, decision-making capacity, sexual disinhibition, and sexual education and quality of life. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. Validation was performed using content validation through a panel of experts; construct validation was performed using exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses; reliability tests were also performed, using Cronbach’s Alpha and the two-halves test. Results: Two-hundred forty-four participants pilot tested the initial 34-item questionnaire. After content validation and exploratory factorial analysis, the resulting 10-item questionnaire showed four domains, with Cronbach’s Alpha values between 0.69 and 0.82. Confirmatory factorial analysis confirmed the domains, and the model’s goodness-of-fit tests were adequate. Conclusions. The final ten-item scale developed in this research proved to be a valid and reliable instrument, as it has good psychometric properties of both validity and reliability. Thus, researchers interested in investigating the social perception of the sexuality of women with intellectual disabilities can use this tool. Future research can extend the validity of this scale to other languages and settings.

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“…Indeed, disability, too, intersects with the politics of gender, sexuality, class, and race. In the United States, for instance, disabled women are more vulnerable to sexual violence compared to non-disabled women and disabled men (Ledingham et al, 2022). To offer an additional example, in the same country, Hispanic and Black people with disabilities experience higher levels of arrest, as opposed to white people with disabilities (McCauley, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Book Review: Enraged, rattled and wronged: Entitlement’s response to social progress by Kristin J. Anderson

Martinez

Law

2022

Feminism & Psychology

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With the rise of public support for right-wing populism in the United States, Europe and beyond, it is crucial to continue to understand the psychological appeal of regressive phenomena. This considered, Kristin J. Anderson's book, Enraged, Rattled and Wronged: Entitlement's Response to Social Progress is a timely and unmissable read. Committed to giving context to Trump's political ascendency, the book focuses on the overlooked and elusive ways in which entitlementdefined as "the inflated sense of deservingness one has as a result of power and the benefits of privilege" (p. 29)operates at different intersecting nodes in perpetuating inequality. With each page, Anderson artfully exposes how entitlement silently sustains many gender, sexual, racial, and class oppressions which are detrimental to humanity, democracy, and the planet (p. 218).As explained in the introduction of the book, it is precisely such a wide-angle take on entitlement and its connection to inequality that makes this text an important contribution. Although previously studied, entitlement has been mostly used to examine wage disparities (Major et al., 1984) and differing academic expectations (Chowing & Campbell, 2009) among men and women. Readers might also be familiar with existing research defining entitlement as a subcomponent of narcissism (Brown et al., 2009). Here, Anderson takes one step further by conceptualising entitlement as a broad-ranging obstacle to social progress and a stand-alone variable of interest for social change research. To support this thesis, Anderson interweaves a series of media stories, disconcerting socio-political anecdotes, and a review of experimental research on implicit bias within the field of social psychology. This assemblage highlights the well-researched and highly contextualised nature of the book, which allows Anderson to adequately capture in the book's various chapters the shifty workings of entitlement.Chapter 1 first describes entitlement as a facet of power and privilege that manifests in the way dominant group members see themselves, what they are supposedly owed, and what their place in the world should be. Anderson proposes that entitlement often operates subconsciously, creating a set of expectations within the privileged that are difficult to identify but that nonetheless motivate them to reinforce the social order from which they benefit.Chapter 2 reviews empirical evidence on entitlements' "cruel cousins" (p. 43), referring to the attitudes and belief systems that correlate with entitlement in perpetuating inequality. Research has linked an inflated and illegitimate sense of deservingness to higher levels of overconfidence and immodesty, individualism and victim-blaming, hostility towards marginalised others, social dominance orientation, system justification beliefs, authoritarianism, and hostile and benevolent sexism. As proposed by this

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Sexual Violence Against Women With Disabilities: Experiences With Force and Lifetime Risk

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data

Disability status, partner behavior, and the risk of sexual intimate partner violence in Uganda: An analysis of the demographic and health survey data

Validation of a Scale on Society’s Attitudes towards the Sexuality of Women with Intellectual Disabilities—Survey Study

Book Review: Enraged, rattled and wronged: Entitlement’s response to social progress by Kristin J. Anderson

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