Sexual Violence and Its Associated Psychosocial Effects in Ireland

Vallières, Frédérique; Gilmore, Brynne; Nolan, Anne; Maguire, Peggy; Bondjers, Kristina; McBride, Orla; Murphy, Jamie; Shevlin, Mark; Karatzias, Thanos; Hyland, Philip

doi:10.1177/0886260520978193

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Among a nationally representative sample of Irish adults, it has been estimated that 15% of people have experienced rape at some point in their life and 31% have been exposed to some form of sexual violence (e.g. sexual harassment; Vallières et al ., 2020). Moreover, rates of ICD-11 PTSD (8.0 v. 3.6%) and CPTSD (14.2 v. 4.9%) are significantly higher among those who have experienced sexual violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the factorial validity and the internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ); PTSD and complex PTSD among survivors of sexual violence in Ireland

Frost

Vang

Shevlin

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims To assess the factorial validity and internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) among a treatment-seeking sample of survivors of sexual violence in Ireland. In addition, to assess the diagnostic rate of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) among the samples. Methods Participants were adult survivors of sexual violence (N = 114) in receipt of therapeutic support at the Dublin Rape Crisis Centre. The ITQ was utilised to measure PTSD and CPTSD symptoms and confirmatory factor analysis was employed to assess the factorial validity of the ITQ. Composite reliability was employed to assess the internal reliability of the ITQ scale scores. Results The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that a six-factor correlated model and a two-factor higher model were good representations of the latent structure of the ITQ, both models are consistent with the conceptualisation of CPTSD. All ITQ subscales possessed satisfactory internal reliability except for the affective dysregulation subscale. Of the sample, 56.1% met the criteria for CPTSD and 20.2% met the criteria for PTSD. Conclusions The ITQ captured a distinction between PTSD and CPTSD symptoms and produced reliable scores within the sample, but replication with a larger sample size is required. In addition, the study findings demonstrated that CPTSD was relatively common among those seeking psychological support following sexual violence.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the factorial validity and the internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ); PTSD and complex PTSD among survivors of sexual violence in Ireland

Frost

Vang

Shevlin

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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show abstract

“…Furthermore, no classes for males or females were defined exclusively by sexual violence. This suggests that while females in Ireland are more likely than males to experience all forms of sexual violence (Vallières et al, 2022), those who experience sexual violence perpetrated by an intimate partner are likely to also experience other forms of IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in intimate partner violence: Risk factors and associations with suicide.

Joksimovic¹,

Vallières²,

Hyland³

2024

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objective: This study sought to provide updated estimates of the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the general adult population of Ireland and to better understand gender-specific profiles of IPV, their risk factors, and their relationship with suicidality. Method: Data (N = 1,098) from Wave 4 of the Irish arm of the COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) study were used. Results: 32.1% of the sample experienced lifetime IPV, with IPV more common among females. Latent class analysis results showed that females had a more complex profile of IPV (four classes) than males (three classes). Risk factors for females included younger age, having children, lower income level, lower social support, and lower social contact, while risk factors for males were living in an urban environment, having children, and lower social support. All IPV exposure was found to be associated with a significantly higher likelihood of experiencing multiple suicide-related phenomena for males and females. Conclusion: IPV is a major public social health issue affecting approximately one-in-three females and one-in-four males in Ireland and is strongly associated with suicide-related phenomena. Clinical Impact StatementThis research highlights the prevalence and impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) among the Irish adult population and demonstrates that IPV is a major public social health issue. This paper can be used to help inform government policies relating to IPV as well as aid organization that are responsible for helping victims of IPV by providing critical up-to-date information.

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“…Previous studies have established that a history of sexual assault corresponds with higher risk of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (24)(25)(26). As with sexual harassment, a history of sexual assault can also compromise academic attendance and performance, as well as subsequent relationships (27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sexual violence and depression is mediated by perceived social support among female University students in the Kingdom of Eswatini

Fielding-Miller

McDougal

Frost

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The primary function of gender based violence is to maintain gendered power hierarchies. As manifestations of gender-based violence, sexual assault and street harassment have been shown to have significant effects on mental wellbeing in the global North, however there is little research centering the experiences and consequences of gendered harassment in the Africa region. We analyzed a cross-sectional random sample of women attending a major university in Eswatini in 2017 to measure the prevalence of street harassment among female university students and assess the relationship between experiences of sexual assault, sexualized street harassment, and mental health outcomes in this population. We found that in the previous 12 months, women reported experiencing high levels of sexual assault (20%), street harassment (90%), and depression/anxiety (38%). Lifetime sexual assault, past 12 months sexual assault, and street harassment were all significantly associated with symptoms of depression. We then created a structural model to assess social support as a potential mediator in the relationship between gendered violence and depression and found that a history of sexual violence and perceived social support both significantly impacted the association between gendered street harassment and depression.

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Sexual Violence and Its Associated Psychosocial Effects in Ireland

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Assessing the factorial validity and the internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ); PTSD and complex PTSD among survivors of sexual violence in Ireland

Assessing the factorial validity and the internal reliability of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ); PTSD and complex PTSD among survivors of sexual violence in Ireland

Gender differences in intimate partner violence: Risk factors and associations with suicide.

Association between sexual violence and depression is mediated by perceived social support among female University students in the Kingdom of Eswatini

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