Sexuality and sexism: Differences in ambivalent sexism across gender and sexual identity

Cowie, Lucy; Greaves, Lara M.; Sibley, Chris G.

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.023

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…It is currently not clear whether LGBTQ+ participants interpret sexism items in the same way as heteronormative participants, and whether the inventory measures the same thing in non-heteronormative contexts. For example, as discussed in Cowie, Greaves, and Sibley [ 55 ], it is possible, that although LGBTQ+ participants fall outside of the heteronormative gender framework and their interpretation of sexism measures differs from that of heteronormative people, LGBTQ+ still live in societies with a heteronormative gender system, and thus they might still be influenced by the same cultural factors as their heteronormative peers. Second, the broad representative sampling necessarily limited the number of scale items measuring benevolent sexism to five items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 6,017 participants, 3714 were women and 2303 men. Participants’ gender was measured as a binary variable because the ambivalent sexism inventory has exclusively been validated for heteronormative samples and there are no current validation studies demonstrating measurement invariance for LGBTQ+ samples [see 55 ]. 74.47% of women and 79.77% of men were parents in 2012, which grew up to 76.10% for women and 81.13% for men in 2014.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individuals’ number of children is associated with benevolent sexism

et al. 2021

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Is having children related to benevolent sexism? Two theoretical accounts—benevolent sexism as role justification and benevolent sexism as a mating strategy—suggest the possibility of a positive and bidirectional association. Gender disparities in childrearing could prompt inequality-justifying endorsement of benevolent sexism and/or endorsing benevolent sexism could promote traditional gender roles that facilitate having more children. We assessed the bidirectional associations between individuals’ number of children and their endorsement of benevolent sexism over a two-year period in a large national panel sample of New Zealanders (N = 6,017). Zero-inflated structural equation modeling indicated that having a greater number of children was associated with stronger endorsement of benevolent sexism two years later, but no evidence emerged for the reverse direction. This study illustrated ways to tentatively test predictions of theoretical accounts on sexism and identified new, though small, evidence for the role justification perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individuals’ number of children is associated with benevolent sexism

et al. 2021

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“…As far as we are aware, no prior research has analysed populism in the LGBT+ community and very little has examined authoritariantype measures within this population (Pacilli, Taurino, Jost & van der Toorn, 2011;Warriner, Nagoshi & Nagoshi, 2013). We would broadly expect LGBT+ people to score lower in terms of authoritarianism, as they are less likely to endorse traditional roles and people that score higher in authoritarian measures have been shown to be more homophobic/ heterosexist (Cowie, Greaves & Sibley, 2019;Pacilli et al, 2011).…”

Section: Gender and Lgbt+mentioning

confidence: 97%

Measuring Populism in New Zealand

Greaves¹,

Vowles²

2020

A Populist Exception?: The 2017 New Zealand General Election

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“…Interestingly, sexist attitudes are found across the spectrum of sexual orientation. The research focused on the relationship between sexism and sexual orientation has suggested that sexual minority people internalize sexist attitudes from a patriarchal society, regardless of their self-interest, attitudes, and behaviors (Cowie et al, 2019 ; Hässler et al, 2021 ; Salvati et al, 2018 ). Additionally, relations with adjustment have been found using gender similarity: Young adults who felt similar to their own gender reported lower social anxiety than other groups (Andrews et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Gender Similarity: Gender and Sexual Orientation Make A Differencementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale: Validation in a Sample of Italian LGB + and Heterosexual Young Adults

et al. 2021

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Introduction The present article describes two interrelated studies that examine gender typicality in young adulthood using a new dual-identity approach. Methods Participants were recruited online from March 2020 to February 2021 and reported their perceived similarity to own- and other-gender peers as a way to assess their gender typicality. In study 1, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test and validate the Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale in a sample of Italian young adults (n = 571; Mage = 23.9; SD = 3.60). The authors documented the configural, metric, scalar measurement invariance, and validity. In study 2, the Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale adopted in study 1 was used to assess the distribution of different typologies of gender typicality in another sample of Italian young adults who vary in gender and sexual orientation (n = 1126; Mage = 24.3; SD = 3.51). Results Results confirmed the structural validity of the Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale, revealing the two-factor structure of the scale. Moreover, results of cluster analysis found different typologies of self-perceptions of gender typicality. Conclusion Both studies emphasize the relevance of studying gender typicality in young adulthood through a dual-identity approach, highlighting the relevance of gender and sexual orientations. Policy Implications The use of the dual-identity approach has significant social and clinical implications as it represents a more flexible and representative model of the complexity of gender typicality.

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Sexuality and sexism: Differences in ambivalent sexism across gender and sexual identity

Cited by 38 publications

References 26 publications

Individuals’ number of children is associated with benevolent sexism

Individuals’ number of children is associated with benevolent sexism

Measuring Populism in New Zealand

Perceived Similarity to Gender Groups Scale: Validation in a Sample of Italian LGB + and Heterosexual Young Adults

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