Sexually abused girls: patterns of psychopathology and exploration of risk factors

Abstract

This paper studies the patterns of psychopathology in sexually abused girls. It also explores some environmental risk factors for psychopathology including abuse characteristics and environmental experiences. The data are derived from the baseline assessment of 81 sexually abused girls referred to the London Child Sexual Abuse Psychotherapy Outcome Study (collaborative Tavistock and Maudsley project). Data about abuse were collected from the parent or foster parent using a standardised, semi-structured interview format. The girls' psychopathology was assessed using the Kiddie-SADS schedule. Widespread and serious psychopathology in sexually abused girls attending a psychotherapy clinic previously reported in a small-scale study was confirmed; so, too, was the extent of comorbidity and impairment of psychosocial functioning. Further, a significant association was found between children looked after away from home and high rates of Separation Anxiety Disorder. No such significant associations were found for Major Depressive Disorder nor impairment of functioning. Multivariate prediction analysis revealed that significant predictors of Major Depressive Disorder consisted of seriousness of abuse, the abuser not being a parent figure, and the abuse not being recent; the only significant predictor of Separation Anxiety Disorder was that the abuser was not a parent figure; finally, impairment of general functioning was strongly predicted by the greater seriousness of abuse and also by the abuser/s not being a parent figure. Theoretical explanations advanced for the reported associations have a sense of face validity: that girls abused by strangers will be at risk of developing Separation Anxiety Disorders; that serious sexual abuse is followed by the development of a Major Depressive Disorder and a high level of impairment of social functioning.

A Developmental Perspective on the Relationship between Child Sexual Abuse and Depression: A Systematic and Meta‐Analytic Review

“…Similar findings have been reported before, for example, Sadowski et al . () found that a longer time frame between the last CSA experience and assessment was a significant predictor of depression. These results seem to imply that the long‐term effect of CSA is more prominent than the short‐term effect, and with an adult sample, more consistent findings could be observed across studies.…”

Screening for post-traumatic stress symptoms in looked after children

“…Egelund and Lausten, 2009), which do not capture specific dimensions of PTSD symptomatology. Prevalence rates of PTSD in looked after children range from 22 per cent (Chambers et al, 2010) to 71 per cent (Sadowski et al, 2003). Interestingly, in the Sadowski study, PTSD was the most highly prevalent of all reported mental health problems, with 67 per cent of children reporting depression, 62 per cent separation anxiety, 38 per cent general anxiety, 33 per cent social phobia and 29 per cent reactive attachment disorder.…”

Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies

“…High levels of mood disorders, such as major depressive episodes, are found in cohorts of children and teenagers who have been sexually abused [56,57]. Sexually abused children are more likely than their non-abused counterparts to present behavior problems, such as inappropriate sexualized behaviors [58].…”