Sexually acquired syphilis

Saprochaete clavata Infection in Immunosuppressed Patients: Systematic Review of Cases and Report of the First Oral Manifestation, Focusing on Differential Diagnosis

“…Among the hematological diseases, Acute Myeloid Leukemia was the most common (57 cases), whereas Lymphomas or Acute Lymphoid Leukemia were diagnosed in 12 and 10 cases, respectively. As concerning infection treatment, data about 48 patients were available; most of the patients (36) were treated by Azoles (30 patients by Voriconazole, 4 by Posaconazole). Other treatments were mainly based on Amphotericin B (27 patients), often in association with Azoles.…”

Case Report: A Delayed Diagnosis of Congenital Syphilis—Too Many Missed Opportunities

“…Thus, we suspect that several cases are not reported to the ministry of public health. In addition to early reporting by physicians; it is imperative to provide diagnosed patients not only with appropriate treatment but also with education about the proper strategies to inform their sexual partner(s) of the possible exposure and to avoid transmission of syphilis to them (8). The health department or the patient's physician should perform contact tracing and partner notification.…”

Current and Future Trends in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections

“…Despite its ability to identify some viral species, spectrometry still does not enable the routine identification of viruses due to a lack of commercially available databases [48]. Some drawbacks of the culture approach include the fact that organisms such as TP [49] or HPV [50] are not culturable, and the growth of CT [29] or HSVs [51] requires specialized laboratories and is both time-consuming and expensive. In addition, NG is a fragile microorganism, and hence culture assays may exhibit low sensitivity due to inappropriate transportation conditions [52].…”

“…Antibody tests have the drawback of detecting past exposure to the pathogen, and further tests are needed to confirm the presence of a currently active infection [11,29,51]. However, serological assays for the presence of serum antibodies represent a sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of syphilis [49]. A variety of serological assays have been developed for this infection and they play a crucial role in screening pregnant women to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.…”

“…Several PCR-based assays have been developed specifically for the detection of T. pallidum, not only from genital swabs and lesions, but also from blood and cerebrospinal fluid [74], and even semen [75]. Although they show high sensitivity and specificity, these tests are not commercially available and their use is limited to some laboratories [49]. There are various PCR-based assays for the detection of viral STIs, such as HSV1,2 [51] and HPV [76], many of which are commercially available and approved by the relevant regulatory bodies, and which constitute the tests of choice for these infections.…”