Sexually transmitted diseases in incarcerated adolescents

Joesoef, M R; Kahn, Richard H.; Weinstock, Hillard

doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000199020.58075.1a

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…High T. vaginalis prevalence (32%) has been observed among women incarcerated in San Francisco county jail (10). Similar findings relating to C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections were reported for black adolescents 18 to 19 years old who were incarcerated in adult correction facilities (19). Although women attending STD clinics are expected to have high T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae rates due to high-risk behavior and/or symptomatic status, providers should be aware of the high T. vaginalis rates in the hospital setting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay

et al. 2012

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fOur aim was to determine Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence using the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay (ATV; Gen-Probe) and the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae coinfections in U.S. women undergoing screening for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae. Discarded urogenital samples from 7,593 women (18 to 89 years old) undergoing C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae screening using the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Gen-Probe) in various clinical settings were tested with ATV. Overall, T. vaginalis, C. trachomatis, and N. gonorrhoeae prevalences were 8.7%, 6.7%, and 1.7%, respectively. T. vaginalis was more prevalent than C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae in all age groups except the 18-to 19-year-old group. The highest T. vaginalis prevalence was in women >40 years old (>11%), while the highest C. trachomatis prevalence (9.2%) and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence (2.2%) were in women <30 years old. Coinfection prevalences were 1.3% for C. trachomatis/T. vaginalis, 0.61% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae and N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis, and 0.24% for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae/T. vaginalis and highest in women <30 years old. T. vaginalis prevalence differed by race/ethnicity, with the highest prevalence in black women (20.2%). T. vaginalis prevalence ranged from 5.4% in family planning clinics to 22.3% in jails. Multivariate analysis determined that ages of >40 years, black race, and patient locations were significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. T. vaginalis is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women of >40 years, while C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae prevalence is lowest in that age group. Higher T. vaginalis prevalence in women of >40 years is probably attributed to the reason for testing, i.e., symptomatic status versus routine screening in younger women. Coinfections were relatively low. High T. vaginalis prevalence in all age groups suggests that women screened for C. trachomatis/N. gonorrhoeae, whether asymptomatic or symptomatic, should be screened for T. vaginalis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay

et al. 2012

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“…More recently, the CDC (2006) reported a 6.3% median state STD positive rate for women aged 15 to 24 tested at family clinics, whereas the median percent positive rate for females tested in juvenile correctional facilities was 14.2%. Contributing to public health concerns regarding these alarming STD prevalence rates, a majority of juvenile offenders do not have regular sources of health care, access to HIV and STD testing and education, and/or the resources to obtain such services (Joesoef et al 2006). Hence, large populations of youthful offenders are unlikely to receive STD education and treatment, and in turn, are more likely to be living with these infections.…”

Section: Risky Sexual Practices and Stds Among Juvenile Offendersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug use and sexually transmitted diseases among female and male arrested youths

et al. 2008

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Knowledge of the rates and correlates of juvenile offenders’ sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has been limited to samples of incarcerated youths comprised mostly of males. Data collected on 442 female and 506 male youths processed at a centralized intake facility enabled us to study this important public health problem among a sample of juvenile offenders at the front end of the justice system. Female-male, multi-group latent class analyses identified two subgroups, High Risk and Lower Risk, of youths described by a latent construct of risk based on drug test results, STD test results, and a classification for the seriousness of arrest charge. The results found: (1) a similar classification distinguished High Risk and Lower Risk male and female youths, and (2) important gender group differences in sexual risk related factors (e.g., substance use during sexual encounters). Among the youths in this sample who tested positive for an STD, 66% of the girls and 57% of the boys were released back into the community after arrest. Overall, our findings raise serious public health and social welfare concerns, for both the youths and the community. Prevention and intervention implications of these findings are also discussed.

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“…The determinants underlying the disproportionate burden of disease among African-American youth are complex and likely include the underlying high disease prevalence in the community, poverty, low male:female sex ratio, and high rates of incarceration in this population. (6, 7) Multiple studies have identified the strong link between incarceration and increased STI risk among individuals, (8, 9) and between incarceration and increased sexual risk behaviours, including concurrency and multiple sexual partners. (8, 10, 11) Young African-American women with a male sexual partner recently released from jail have been found to have increased risk of acquiring chlamydia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological analysis examining the association between census tract-level incarceration and reported chlamydia incidence among female adolescents and young adults in San Francisco

Stoltey¹,

Bernstein

et al. 2015

Sex Transm Infect

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Objectives Incarceration has been linked to increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We conducted a census tract-level ecologic analysis to explore the relationship between neighbourhood incarceration rates and chlamydia incidence among adolescent girls and young women under age 25 in San Francisco in 2010 to focus public health efforts in neighbourhoods at risk. Methods Female chlamydia cases under age 25 that were reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health in 2010 were geocoded to census tract and chlamydia incidence was calculated. Addresses of incarcerated individuals were geocoded, and census tract-specific incarceration rates were estimated. American Community Survey data from 2005–2009 provided tract-specific survey estimates of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of communities to allow for evaluation of potential census tract-level confounders. A Poisson mixed model was used to assess the relationship of census tract-level incarceration rate with chlamydia case rate. Results Accounting for spatial dependence in neighbouring regions, there was a positive association between incarceration rates and chlamydia incidence in young women under age 25 in San Francisco, and this association decreased as poverty increased, after controlling for other risk factors in the model. Conclusions This ecologic analysis supports the neighbourhood role of incarceration in the risk of chlamydia among young women. These results have important implications for directing limited public health resources to local areas at risk in order to geographically focus prevention interventions and provide improved access to STI services in specific neighbourhoods with high incarceration rates.

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Sexually transmitted diseases in incarcerated adolescents

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay

Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and Coinfection with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States as Determined by the Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Nucleic Acid Amplification Assay

Drug use and sexually transmitted diseases among female and male arrested youths

Ecological analysis examining the association between census tract-level incarceration and reported chlamydia incidence among female adolescents and young adults in San Francisco

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