Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy – An update on Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Olaleye, Atinuke O; Babah, Ochuwa Adiketu; Osuagwu, Chioma; Ogunsola, Folasade; Afolabi, Bosede Bukola

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.10.002

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Worldwide, the prevalence of C. trachomatis in pregnant women varies from 1.0%-36.8%, while in high income countries it is estimated from 3%-14% [23]. Especially in European western countries, the prevalence of genital C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women based on nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) from either first void urine or a vaginal and/or endocervical swab, ranges from 3% to 6% [24].…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially in European western countries, the prevalence of genital C. trachomatis infection in pregnant women based on nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) from either first void urine or a vaginal and/or endocervical swab, ranges from 3% to 6% [24]. However, prevalence may vary significantly during pregnancy among different continents [23] (Figure 1).…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors associated with an increased risk of infection are numerous sexual partners, sexual intercourse with non-condom use, absence of barrier contraceptives, use of oral contraceptives, partner with concurrent partners or sexually-transmitted disease or non-gonococcal urethritis, non-gonococcal mucopurulent cervititis, sterile pyuria, other sexually transmitted diseases, unmarried status, nulliparity, African/American/Hispanic ethnicity and poor socio-economic condition [5,23,28].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydial Infection

Metallinou¹,

Nanou²,

Sarantaki³

et al. 2022

Primary Health Care

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Chlamydial infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide, showing no decreasing trends in the incidence the last years. As a result, it presents a major burden of disease that impacts negatively people’s sexual and reproductive health and may result in adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of the chapter is to offer today’s practitioners trustworthy guidance on the latest data in chlamydial infection. Thorough, up-to-date content on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, prevention, prognosis and outcomes of infected infants, is presented. Data in children and adolescents that differ from infants, are also discussed. The chapter is organized consistently in order to help readers find information quickly and easily and thus, provide direct, optimal and evidence-based care to every pediatric patient.

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Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chlamydial Infection

Metallinou¹,

Nanou²,

Sarantaki³

et al. 2022

Primary Health Care

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“…Furthermore, up to 530,000 cases of cervical cancer and 264,000 associated deaths are caused each year by HPV infections [4]. The two most common bacterial STIs, CT and NG, not only cause pelvic inflammatory disease and chronic pelvic pain in women, but also result in ectopic pregnancies and miscarriages, preterm labor, increased risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission, conjunctivitis, and pneumonia in neonates [5]. Although the evidence is inconclusive, MG and TV infection in pregnancy have also been associated with preterm birth [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and Future Trends in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Caruso

Giammanco

Virruso

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to exert a considerable public health and social burden globally, particularly for developing countries. Due to the high prevalence of asymptomatic infections and the limitations of symptom-based (syndromic) diagnosis, confirmation of infection using laboratory tools is essential to choose the most appropriate course of treatment and to screen at-risk groups. Numerous laboratory tests and platforms have been developed for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomoniasis, genital mycoplasmas, herpesviruses, and human papillomavirus. Point-of-care testing is now a possibility, and microfluidic and high-throughput omics technologies promise to revolutionize the diagnosis of STIs. The scope of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the current laboratory diagnostic tools for these infections, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and point-of-care adaptability. The diagnostic applicability of the latest molecular and biochemical approaches is also discussed.

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“…Sexually transmitted and genital infections (henceforth, referred to as STIs) during pregnancy are associated with a number of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and their burden is highest in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [10][11][12]. Among the most prevalent infections are the curable STIs: syphilis, gonorrhoea (NG), chlamydia (CT), trichomoniasis (TV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic evaluation of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

et al. 2021

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Background Sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Point-of-care tests for these infections facilitate testing and treatment in a single antenatal clinic visit and may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. Successful implementation and scale-up depends on understanding comparative effectiveness of such programmes and their comparative costs and cost effectiveness. This systematic review synthesises and appraises evidence from economic evaluations of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries. Methods Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched using pre-determined criteria. Additional literature was identified by searching Google Scholar and the bibliographies of all included studies. Economic evaluations were eligible if they were set in low- and middle-income countries and assessed antenatal point-of-care testing and treatment for syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and/or bacterial vaginosis. Studies were analysed using narrative synthesis. Methodological and reporting standards were assessed using two published checklists. Results Sixteen economic evaluations were included in this review; ten based in Africa, three in Latin and South America and three were cross-continent comparisons. Fifteen studies assessed point-of-care testing and treatment for syphilis, while one evaluated chlamydia. Key drivers of cost and cost-effectiveness included disease prevalence; test, treatment, and staff costs; test sensitivity and specificity; and screening and treatment coverage. All studies met 75% or more of the criteria of the Drummond Checklist and 60% of the Consolidated Health Economics Evaluation Reporting Standards. Conclusions Generally, point-of-care testing and treatment was cost-effective compared to no screening, syndromic management, and laboratory-based testing. Future economic evaluations should consider other common infections, and their lifetime impact on mothers and babies. Complementary affordability and equity analyses would strengthen the case for greater investment in antenatal point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections.

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Sexually transmitted infections in pregnancy – An update on Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Cited by 32 publications

References 82 publications

Chlamydial Infection

Chlamydial Infection

Current and Future Trends in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Infections

Economic evaluation of point-of-care testing and treatment for sexually transmitted and genital infections in pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

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