2016
DOI: 10.17951/rh.2015.40.61
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Sezonowe migracje pasterzy na Bałkanach: charakter, historia, transformacje

Abstract: W trakcie długiego okresu historycznego głównym rodzajem pasterstwa na Półwyspie Bałkańskim były migracje sezonowe pasterzy z wielkimi stadami owiec (lub, w mniejszym stopniu, kóz) między letnimi a zimowymi pastwiskami. Podczas lata wypasano swoje stada na pastwiskach w wysokich górach, podczas gdy jesienią owce zaganiano do ciepłych nizin nadmorskich oraz do ciepłych kotlin i dolin rzek, w których było na tyle dużo trawy, że owce mogły przetrwać do wiosny i kolejnego okresu wegetacyjnego w górach. Działalność… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…The citation presented above shows that the Slavs which exercised transhumance shepherding (and were most commonly labeled as Vlachs) were far more interesting for external observer than this part of population which exercised the main Slavic economic activity: i.e., agriculture. 61 The organization of the Vlach societies in katuns 62 -sort of patriarchal corporations united by the bonds of blood -was perceived as archaic and primordial. Moreover, according to Jean Jacques Rousseau the main reason behind the inequality of men (and all its negative consequences like wars) was caused by the invention of property of the land, which did not exist among the semi-nomadic shepherd communities.…”
Section: The Depiction Of the Slavs As One Nationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The citation presented above shows that the Slavs which exercised transhumance shepherding (and were most commonly labeled as Vlachs) were far more interesting for external observer than this part of population which exercised the main Slavic economic activity: i.e., agriculture. 61 The organization of the Vlach societies in katuns 62 -sort of patriarchal corporations united by the bonds of blood -was perceived as archaic and primordial. Moreover, according to Jean Jacques Rousseau the main reason behind the inequality of men (and all its negative consequences like wars) was caused by the invention of property of the land, which did not exist among the semi-nomadic shepherd communities.…”
Section: The Depiction Of the Slavs As One Nationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Unlike the Habsburgs in Croatia, or the Venetians and the French in Dalmatia, Ottoman authorities did not try to alternate the ways in which the Vlachs lived. Their system of defense of the border was based on the troops of martoloses, the organization of which was the same as the traditional Vlach corporations of the katun (a sort of huge families based on closer, or more distant family bonds) 11 . Moreover, the economic specifi city of the Vlach transhumant economy was not regarded by Ottoman authorities as a problem: on the contrary, Vlachs paid very favorable taxes 12 which were collected and delivered to the local treasurers by the leaders of the katun themselves 13 .…”
Section: Vlach Communities In Bosnia and In Dalmatiamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The perception of the Balkan Slavs as societies at a pre-state, tribal level of development, certainly reflected the idiosyncrasy of some patriarchal shepherd communities 20 . This perspective, however, ignored the obvious fact that Slavs were primarily farmers, and that in the Middle Ages Slavic communities had a differentiated structure within complex state organisms, which, if only under the rule of the Nemanjić dynasty, no longer had much in common with a tribal state 21 .…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%