SF&lt;inf&gt;6&lt;/inf&gt; alternative development for high voltage Switchgears

Kieffel, Yannick; Biquez, Francois; Ponchon, Philippe; Irwin, T.

doi:10.1109/pesgm.2015.7286096

Cited by 69 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…It indicates that the arcing time of g3 gas proved to be stable, and the average arcing time is about 12 ms, compared with a typical value of 15 ms for SF6. [67]. The arc-quenching capability was verified according to IEC 62271-100, also indicating that g3 gas maintained the appropriate dielectric withstanding ability after repeated interruptions [68,71,72].…”

Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It was indicated that the dielectric strength of pure CO 2 was equivalent to about 40% that of SF 6 at atmosphere pressure. Adding 6% to 7% of Novec TM 4710 doubled the dielectric strength, and g3 gas with 18% to 20% of Novec TM 4710 had the equivalent dielectric strength to SF 6 at atmosphere pressure [30,67,68]. Breakdown tests under AC at different pressures and electrode distances were conducted in plane-plane, sphere-plane, rod-plane, and needle-plane electrode configurations.…”

Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature rise tests of g3 gas were performed on a fully equipped three-phase GIS bay, and the results are shown in Figure 5. There were temperature rise differences of 5 K to 6 K between the gas mixtures and SF 6 [26,67]. The temperature rise can be compensated for by typical measures such as adding cooling fins to the enclosure or machining slots and holes to conductors to improve convection around live parts of the GIS.…”

Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature rise results in switchgear (GIS) filled with the Novec TM 4710/CO 2 gas mixture and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )[67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Pan

Wang²,

Shi

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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This paper deals with a review of the state-of-the-art performance investigations of green gas for grid (g3) gas, which is an emerging eco-friendly alternative insulation gas for sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) that will be used in gas-insulated power facilities for reducing environmental concerns. The required physical and chemical properties of insulation gas for high-voltage applications are discussed, including dielectric strength, arc-quenching capability, heat dissipation, boiling point, vapor pressure, compatibility, and environmental and safety requirements. Current studies and results on AC, DC, and lightning impulse breakdown voltage, as well as the partial discharge of g3 gas, are provided, which indicate an equivalent dielectric strength of g3 gas with SF6 after a proper design change or an increase in gas pressure. The switching bus-transfer current test, temperature rise test, and liquefaction temperature calculation also verify the possibility of replacing SF6 with g3 gas. In addition, the use of g3 gas significantly reduces theabovementioned environmental concerns in terms of global warming potential and atmosphere lifetime. In recent years, g3 gas-insulated power facilities, including switchgear, transmission line, circuit breaker, and transformer, have been commercially available in the electric power industry.

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Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Green Gas For Gridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature rise results in switchgear (GIS) filled with the Novec TM 4710/CO 2 gas mixture and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 )[67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Pan

Wang²,

Shi

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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“…In the 1980s, the mechanism of this synergism was clarified using the Boltzmann equation [5][6][7]. After the COP3 in 1997, studies on alternative gases not using SF 6 were promoted and natural gases, such as N 2 , CO 2 , and dry air were emphasized [8][9][10][11] Recently, however, studies on gas mixtures with SF 6 have started due to the trend to allow their use provided the GWP (global warming potential) can be significantly reduced compared to that of SF 6 [12,13]. In accordance with this trend, the present paper studies gas mixtures excluding SF 6 gas with an eye to reducing GWP while maintaining dielectric strength equivalent to that of SF 6. To use an alternative gas to SF 6 for power equipment, characteristics such as the dielectric strength, boiling point, and chemical stability are important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dielectric properties of gas mixtures with C3F8/C2F6 and N2/CO2

Okabe

Wada

Ueta

2015

IEEE Trans. Dielect. Electr. Insul.

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Thanks to its excellent insulation and cutoff performances, SF 6 gas has been applied to power equipment since the 1960s and is now widely used for several kV to 1,000 kV-class GIS, GCB, and GIL. However, since 1997, when SF 6 was designated at COP3 as a greenhouse gas to be reduced, there has been a wish to use an alternative insulating gas to pure SF 6 gas. In the present study, alternative gases were selected from among mixtures excluding SF 6 with the need to reduce GWP (global warming potential) in mind. Gas mixtures containing such substances and with a boiling point of -20C or less, chemically stable, non-toxic, and not ozone-depleting were prioritized. Furthermore, the availability and environmental performance were taken into consideration when deciding on component gases. Consequently, to launch this series of studies, four types of gas mixtures were used combining a gas in Group A (C 2 F 6 , C 3 F 8 ) -electronegative gases with relatively high dielectric strength -and a gas in Group B (N 2 , CO 2 ) -gases existing in the natural world. The GWP of SF 6 is 22,800 whereas that of C 2 F 6 is 12,200 and that of C 3 F 8 is 8,830, or several times smaller than that of SF 6 . In the present paper, insulation characteristics were experimentally obtained while varying the mixture ratio under a quasi-uniform electric field assuming GIS. Consequently, compared to the GWP of pure SF 6 , the GWP was about 12% to 38% for gas mixtures with C 3 F 8 /N 2 or C 3 F 8 /CO 2 and 18% to 70% for gas mixtures with C 2 F 6 /N 2 or C 2 F 6 /CO 2 . Consequently, it emerged that, while assuming breakdown voltage proportional to gas pressure, the GWP was likely to be reduced by 30% to 90% while maintaining dielectric strength. In addition, a study was conducted on the synergism of a gas mixture through analysis using the Boltzmann equation. Consequently, the synergism was confirmed while its degree varied depending on the type of each gas mixture, and the mechanism thereof was clarified.

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Atmospheric chemical behaviors of (CF₃)₂CFCN by density‐functional theory method: The relationship between electronic structure and atmosphere lifetime

Liu¹,

Dong²,

Song³

et al. 2023

Int J of Quantum Chemistry

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(CF3)2CFCN with excellent insulation performance has been proposed to replace the traditional SF6 as a new insulating medium in power equipment. In the present study, the molecular structure and radiative efficiency (RE) of (CF3)2CFCN are calculated and compared with SF6 based on density‐functional theory (DFT) calculation. The decomposition of pure (CF3)2CFCN and the basic interactions between (CF3)2CFCN and hydroxyl radical in the constructed co‐crystal of (CF3)2CFCN‐H2O have been simulated by applying Monte‐Carlo calculation and Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics method, in order to obtain reasonable and full‐scale atmospheric dissociation processes. Then the detailed decomposition pathways are learned with DFT method of M06‐2X. The rate constants of different pathways are further applied for calculating the atmosphere lifetime of (CF3)2CFCN, to evaluate the possibility of applying it as an alternative gas of SF6 in power equipment. All the atmospheric chemical behaviors are determined by electronic structure and reflected by the decomposition pathways of (CF3)2CFCN with interacting with hydroxyl radicals. Rather than traditional hypothesizing reaction models given by the chemical intuitions, this study provides a new view angle to understand the dissociation pathways based on first‐principle molecular dynamic method, and to evaluate the atmospheric chemical behaviors of other protective gas of power equipment.

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SF<inf>6</inf> alternative development for high voltage Switchgears

Cited by 69 publications

References 1 publication

Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Dielectric properties of gas mixtures with C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>

Atmospheric chemical behaviors of (CF₃)₂CFCN by density‐functional theory method: The relationship between electronic structure and atmosphere lifetime

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SF<inf>6</inf> alternative development for high voltage Switchgears

Cited by 69 publications

References 1 publication

Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Green Gas for Grid as an Eco-Friendly Alternative Insulation Gas to SF6: A Review

Dielectric properties of gas mixtures with C<sub>3</sub>F<sub>8</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>

Atmospheric chemical behaviors of (CF3)2CFCN by density‐functional theory method: The relationship between electronic structure and atmosphere lifetime

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Atmospheric chemical behaviors of (CF₃)₂CFCN by density‐functional theory method: The relationship between electronic structure and atmosphere lifetime