SGO/SPEN-based highly selective polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Cheng, Tao; Feng, Mengna; Huang, Yumin; Liu, Xiaobo

doi:10.1007/s11581-017-2057-2

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, these results confirm that some changes are probably introduced in the structure of GO even with the lowest sulfonation ratio. The previous interpretation is supported by the formation of two new bands in SGO-20 and SGO-200 spectra: one is between 870 and 880 cm −1 and is compatible with the stretching of S-O bonds in sulfinic (-SO 2 H) and sulfonic (-SO 3 H) functionalities [35,44,52]; the other is in the 1143-1153 cm −1 range and could be associated to the symmetric stretching vibrations of O=S=O from sulfonic moieties [33,35,43]. In conjunction with the rising of these bands, one may notice the disappearance of the modes about 981 cm −1 and of those between 1300 and 1400 cm −1 , witnessed in pristine GO; this might imply that the sulfonation process resulted in the partial removal of less stable lactol, peroxide and carboxyl moieties [53,54].…”

Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The general methodology for the sulfonation of GO has been based on the one proposed by Cheng et al [43] and has been adapted to accomplish the formation of a self-standing membrane; sulfuric acid has been employed as functionalizing agent also by Gahlot et al [33], even if in combination with chlorosulfonic acid, and by Xu et al [44]. Thus, 25 mL of the GO dispersion have been introduced into a round-bottomed flask and underwent 10 min of a mild ultrasound bath, again with the external addition of ice to prevent overheating.…”

Section: Membranes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highest one (X = 200) has been computed from the volume of sulfuric acid (30 mL) employed by Cheng et al [43], and has been later reduced to the tentative values of X = 1 (0.15 mL) and X = 20 (3 mL), in order to evaluate their effect on the functionalization process and on the structure of the membrane.…”

Section: Membranes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar behavior is witnessed in the case of SGO-1 ( Figure 4A), in which the loss of oxygenated moieties is more pronounced (almost 30%) and seems to start at lower temperatures (≈ 150 °C); this might suggest the presence of -SO3H groups weakly bonded to the framework of GO, perhaps through oxygen atoms. Moreover, a slight change in the slope of the curve occurs between 250 and 300 °C, corresponding to a mass drop of the order of 6% and potentially linked to the removal of sulfonated functions covalently bonded to the basal plane [36,43]. These findings are in agreement with what can be observed in the thermogram of a Nafion ® 212 membrane ( Figure 4B), in which the loss of sulfonic groups takes place between 280 and 380 °C, before the breakdown of both side chains and PTFE backbone (400-600 °C) [28,55].…”

Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of self-assembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes as a potential proton conductor

Peressut

Latorrata

Stampino

et al. 2021

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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A simple method is reported for the preparation of selfassembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes (SGO-X) to be studied as a potential proton conductor for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The effect of three different sulfuric acid-to-GO molar ratios is investigated, the main aim being the identification of an optimal sulfonation interval ensuring a successful trade-off among composition, structural stability and functional properties. ATR-FTIR and EDX spectroscopies, SEM, thermogravimetry and static contact angle measurements allow to analyze the efficacy of the functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) and the uniformity of the component's structure. A preliminary examination of the proton conductivity is performed on the most promising samples (SGO-1, SGO-20) by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), together with the evaluation of water uptake, ion exchange capacity and degree of sulfonation. This introductory work demonstrates that the proposed SGO-X membranes exhibit notable water-retaining and proton-exchanging properties at elevated temperatures and reduced humidity, compared to pristine GO and Nafion® 212 benchmark specimens. Therefore, these innovative self-standing materials are proved to be worthy of additional studies for the optimization of their features, foreseeing the assessment of their behavior as a possible electrolyte in a PEM fuel cell.

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Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Membranes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Membranes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of self-assembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes as a potential proton conductor

Peressut

Latorrata

Stampino

et al. 2021

Materials Chemistry and Physics

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“…The first amount of acid was selected on the basis of a literature reference (28). Actually, to the best of our knowledge, there is no precise idea about the proper amount of acid to be used for getting an effective sulfonation (4,28). Moreover, most of the research works have not developed freestanding sulfonated GO membranes but rather have integrated or functionalized GO with proton conductive alkylbenzene sulfonates, oligomers or polymers through complex routes which employed mainly sulfanilic or chlorosulfonic acid (3, 6-9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17-20, 22-24, 27, 28, 30-33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Study on the Development of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Novel Electrolytes for PEM Fuel Cells

Latorrata¹,

Peressut²,

Stampino³

et al. 2018

ECS Trans.

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Innovative graphene oxide (GO)-based self-assembling membranes have been prepared in order to study their possible application in PEMFCs as a solid proton-conducting electrolyte alternative to Nafion ® . Firstly, a pure GO membrane has been produced as a benchmark, then it has been sulfonated with different quantities of sulfuric acid and characterized by using several techniques: Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical microscopy (OM), water uptake (WU) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). On the basis of IEC measurements, the corresponding degree of sulfonation was calculated. Preliminary impedance spectroscopy measurements have been also performed in order to obtain conductivity of the membranes and compare it to the one of a commercial Nafion membrane. A relation between IEC, degree of sulfonation and conductivity was found and the sulfonated membrane prepared with an acid/GO molar ratio of 20 showed the best results.

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Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

2019

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The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non‐fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non‐fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.

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SGO/SPEN-based highly selective polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 39 publications

References 45 publications

Development of self-assembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes as a potential proton conductor

Development of self-assembling sulfonated graphene oxide membranes as a potential proton conductor

Preliminary Study on the Development of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Novel Electrolytes for PEM Fuel Cells

Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

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