2019
DOI: 10.1071/an16571
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Shade access in combination with sprinkling and ventilation effects performance of Holstein cows in early and late lactation

Abstract: The negative effect of heat stress on dairy cows, with a temperature humidity index (THI) over 72, has been extensively studied. However, there are few studies on THI values under 72 that compare the effect of heat stress in different lactation stages. The objective of this study was to determine the heat stress effect on two lactation stages with a THI below the threshold 72. Thirty-nine multiparous, non-pregnant Holstein cows with more than 30 kg/cow.day of solid-corrected milk were used in a randomised comp… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(8 citation statements)
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“…In addition, heat stress only occurred for 2 weeks at the end of the study at an advanced stage of lactation, when cows are less susceptible to heat stress due to lower intake and production, and therefore lower metabolic heat output [ 11 ]. Although the OD-GRZ treatment was more exposed to environmental conditions than the CB-GRZ, good maintenance of the infrastructure in the feeding and resting areas (i.e., cleaning after periods of rain, mound construction), as recommended [ 37 ], in addition to correct shade sizing [ 7 ] and ad libitum access to fresh water, likely mitigated the negative effects of such exposure. The open-air conditions to which the OD-GRZ treatment cows were subjected were judged to be better than those on commercial Uruguayan dairy farms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition, heat stress only occurred for 2 weeks at the end of the study at an advanced stage of lactation, when cows are less susceptible to heat stress due to lower intake and production, and therefore lower metabolic heat output [ 11 ]. Although the OD-GRZ treatment was more exposed to environmental conditions than the CB-GRZ, good maintenance of the infrastructure in the feeding and resting areas (i.e., cleaning after periods of rain, mound construction), as recommended [ 37 ], in addition to correct shade sizing [ 7 ] and ad libitum access to fresh water, likely mitigated the negative effects of such exposure. The open-air conditions to which the OD-GRZ treatment cows were subjected were judged to be better than those on commercial Uruguayan dairy farms.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The higher energy demand due to the activation of adaptation mechanisms [ 9 , 10 , 44 ], together with the reduction of nutrient absorption and lower udder nutrient uptake [ 45 ] cause milk production to decrease by up to 35% [ 7 , 13 ]. Thus, milk production differences between levels of environmental exposure were ~5%, a lower difference that may be due to this being a long-term study that encompasses a full lactation, with part of the experiment occurring in thermoneutral conditions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Similarly, studies of the physiological responses of dairy cattle to heat stress were excluded from this review unless a direct effect of heat stress on an outcome of interest was also examined. However, physiological and behavioral changes associated with heat stress can affect milk production, milk quality, and cow mortality [25,30,41,[47][48][49][50][51]. Studies that aim to assess the economic implications of heat stress on dairy cattle should also consider these indirect effects of heat stress on cow performance.…”
Section: Limitationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Uruguayan dairy systems are characterized by pasture-based systems (pasture 55%, supplementation with conserved forage 19%, and concentrates 25%) [ 22 ]. Unlike confined systems, pasture-based systems have the advantage of cows being able to display behaviors that are typical of their species, which therefore improves the animal welfare, but they are also more exposed to extreme environmental conditions, such as heavy rains and mud in winter or heat stress in summer, which could also affect their welfare [ 39 , 40 ]. Most dairy systems in Uruguay keep cows confined in open sky paddocks when they are not grazing, without shade over the resting and feeding areas [ 41 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%