Shade controls the ruminating and idleness times of dairy heifers in tropical integrated systems

Carnevalli, Roberta Aparecida; Mello, Andréia Cristina Tavares de; Coletti, Admar Júnior; Garcia, Larissa Fernanda; Xavier, Diego Batista

doi:10.1007/s10457-019-00448-7

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Strategies to save energy and to cope with heat stress were more common during the wet season, when CCI was higher, compared to the dry season. Rumination and idling increase with CCI, but only under shade, which is in agreement with previous research that showed increases in rumination and idleness time under shade and as environmental stress increases (Shultz 1984;Blackshaw & Blackshaw 1994;Carnevalli et al 2019b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Livestock animals are heat challenged during the summer months in temperate regions and most of the time in tropical and subtropical regions. It is well known that livestock benefits from the use of tree shade under hot ambient air temperature and solar radiation conditions (Kendall et al 2006;Tucker et al 2008) in the humid (Geraldo et al 2012;Álvarez et al 2021) and sub-humid tropical regions (Souza et al 2010;Carnevalli et al 2019a). Yet, the effects of trees on cattle behavior and welfare in the dry tropics remain contested as previous studies have reported both positive (Mello et al 2016;Mancera et al 2018) and negative effects (Ainsworth et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience of dry tropical rangelands : How native palms and trees mediate the effects of seasonal droughts

Salmerón¹

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Socio-ecological networks in cattle rangelands are severely threatened by global warming. Higher temperatures and erratic rains resulting from climate change accentuate existing problems in livestock systems, and are expected to compromise pasture and cattle productivity worldwide (Lobell & Gourdji 2012;Field 2014). At the same time, livestock farming is expanding to respond to increases in human population, Trees can ameliorate abiotic stress through several mechanisms above and belowground that facilitate grass growth and improve grass quality (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of dry tropical rangelands : How native palms and trees mediate the effects of seasonal droughts

Salmerón¹

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“…Silvopastoral systems improve animal welfare by allowing animals to browse and acquiring nutritionally rich diets (Mejía-Díaz et al 2016;Broom 2017), favouring the social stability of the herd and the expression of semipositive behaviours (i.e. behaviours that are known to reflect positive affective states; Améndola et al 2016), promoting more interspersed idleness, rumination and grazing activities (Carnevalli et al 2020), increasing comfort and diversifying the environment (Morales et al 2017), reducing stress (Marques Filho et al 2017), providing shade for thermal comfort (Vieira et al 2020), reducing the fear response (Broom et al 2013), and improving body condition (Mancera et al 2018), among other benefits. The integrated crop-livestock-forest systems also improve the microclimate conditions, mitigating the heat through trees and contributing to the sustainability of livestock farming in the tropics with direct effect on welfare and thermal comfort (Broom et al 2013;Karvatte et al 2016).…”

Section: Animal Welfare Of Grazing Ruminants and Its Relationship Wit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agroforestry/silvopastoral systems also have wider environmental benefits associated with nutrient distribution and soil health. In an open pasture, it has been shown that heifers search for drinkers and then spend most of their time camping around these sites (Carnevalli et al 2020), thus creating hot spots of nutrients and soil compaction, and increasing emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. In contrast, within silvopastoral systems, heifers camp across a wider area under trees in the shade reducing nutrient hotspots and compaction.…”

Section: Animal Welfare Of Grazing Ruminants and Its Relationship Wit...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A perspective on animal welfare of grazing ruminants and its relationship with sustainability

Rivero

Lee

2022

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Sustainability is a complex theorem driven through the optimisation of interconnected economic, social and environmental parameters. Balancing trade-offs between these three parameters is used to define a sustainable system, and while economic and, to a degree, environmental parameters can be numericised, making optimisation more defined, social parameters are often more complex. In livestock systems, animal welfare is held as a central pillar of sustainability, but due to its complex nature, indicators of welfare are in practice often restricted to negative nutritional/environmental/ health domains (e.g. poor food quality, injuries/diseases) rather than the wider more complex 'behavioural' or 'mental state' domain indicators (e.g. expression of rewarding behaviours). This perspective discusses the potential synergies and trade-offs between animal welfare and economic, societal and environmental pillars of sustainability for grazing ruminant systems. Grazing is often considered more animal welfare-friendly than housed or feedlot type systems, especially in relation to the behavioural and mental state domains (BMSD) within a more 'natural' environment, as it may provide a positive experience to the animal. However, the welfare status of grazing ruminants can differ with factors such as management practices and environmental conditions greatly influencing nutritional/environmental/health domains of welfare, where a more 'controlled environment' can be efficacious. Animals that are not maintained at a good level of welfare will not express their productive potential, although improving welfare standards may lead to higher costs of production and therefore an economic break, as a critical component of sustainability, is often applied to what can be achieved on farm. Increasing animal performance is seen as an effective approach to reducing emissions intensity, which has been borne out by the lower methane intensity of high-yielding dairy housed herds, although there are important ethical concerns regarding BMSD of animal welfare and the marked restriction in environmental choices and in foraging behaviour (negative effect on behavioural interactions). However, consumers need to understand that implementing more 'natural' production systems with higher animal welfare standards can incur extra costs for producers, leading to higher output prices and also higher emissions per unit of product, which will require a reduction in consumption to reduce overall emissions.

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“…The presence of dispersed trees in pastures benefit animal productivity by reducing heat stress, thus animals spend less time resting underneath tree shade, increasing the consumption of dry matter (Esquivel et al 2003;Carnevalli et al 2019). This is the important role shade provision plays (Abreu 2002), resulting in additional benefits to the animal and the environment (Mahecha and Angulo 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of different levels of tree cover on milk production in dual-purpose livestock systems in the humid tropics of the Colombian Amazon region

et al. 2020

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Caqueta ´, Colombia, has a bovine population of 1,809,702 head, of which 88% are in dual purpose livestock systems; it ranks fifth in milk production at the national level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of tree cover on milk production in dual-purpose livestock systems in the humid tropics of Colombia's Amazon region. The work was carried out in the Centro de Investigaciones Amazonicas CIMAZ Macagual. It is within the tropical humid forest life zone. Nine pastures of one hectare each were selected, covered by improved pastures (Brachiaria decumbes) and dispersed trees. Treatments were defined by the percentage of tree cover: (1) high (20.43 ± 0.47), ( 2) medium (14.83 ± 0.58) and ( 3) low (4.20 ± 0.85). The spatial distribution of the dispersed trees was obtained using the SexI-FS simulator. Nine milking cows with similar characteristics were selected and managed following a 3 9 3 Latin square experimental design (Cross Over), repeated three

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Shade controls the ruminating and idleness times of dairy heifers in tropical integrated systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

Resilience of dry tropical rangelands : How native palms and trees mediate the effects of seasonal droughts

Resilience of dry tropical rangelands : How native palms and trees mediate the effects of seasonal droughts

A perspective on animal welfare of grazing ruminants and its relationship with sustainability

The effect of different levels of tree cover on milk production in dual-purpose livestock systems in the humid tropics of the Colombian Amazon region

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