Shades of white: new insights into tissue‐resident leukocyte heterogeneity

Psaila, Annalise M.; Vohralik, Emily J.; Quinlan, Kate

doi:10.1111/febs.15737

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Alternatively, they can represent real differences in macrophages originated from different genetic and immunological backgrounds. Some recent observation may support the latter case: single-cell mRNA sequencing of tissue-resident leukocytes have revealed unexpectedly high levels of heterogeneity among macrophages [45]. At the same time, different subsets of macrophages (moMΦ, moM1 and moM2) show different sensitivity toward ASFV and react with altered cytokine and surface marker production [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus

Torma

Tombácz

Csabai

et al. 2021

Viruses

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African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large DNA virus belonging to the Asfarviridae family. Despite its agricultural importance, little is known about the fundamental molecular mechanisms of this pathogen. Short-read sequencing (SRS) can produce a huge amount of high-precision sequencing reads for transcriptomic profiling, but it is inefficient for comprehensively annotating transcriptomes. Long-read sequencing (LRS) can overcome some of SRS’s limitations, but it also has drawbacks, such as low-coverage and high error rate. The limitations of the two approaches can be surmounted by the combined use of these techniques. In this study, we used Illumina SRS and Oxford Nanopore Technologies LRS platforms with multiple library preparation methods (amplified and direct cDNA sequencings and native RNA sequencing) for constructing the ASFV transcriptomic atlas. This work identified many novel transcripts and transcript isoforms and annotated the precise termini of previously described RNAs. This study identified a novel species of ASFV transcripts, the replication origin-associated RNAs. Additionally, we discovered several nested genes embedded into larger canonical genes. In contrast to the current view that the ASFV transcripts are monocistronic, we detected a significant extent of polycistronism. A multifaceted meshwork of transcriptional overlaps was also discovered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus

Torma

Tombácz

Csabai

et al. 2021

Viruses

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show abstract

“…There are significant differences in the immune cell populations between human SWAT and VWAT. Compared with SWAT, VWAT often contains more macrophages, DCs, granulocytes, ILC2s, and NK cells, and also T and B cells 248 . Increased visceral fat mass is correlated with elevated levels of circulating inflammatory markers 249 …”

Section: Interactions Between Different Types Of Adipose Tissue Remod...mentioning

confidence: 99%

MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling

Zhao,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

Obesity Reviews

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SummaryIn this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic aspects in obesity, with a specific focus on individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). WAT is a highly heterogeneous, plastic, and dynamically secreting endocrine and immune organ. WAT remodeling plays a crucial role in metabolic health, involving expansion mode, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution. In individuals with MHO, WAT remodeling is beneficial, reducing ectopic fat deposition and insulin resistance (IR) through mechanisms like increased adipocyte hyperplasia, anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, appropriate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, appropriate vascularization, enhanced WAT browning, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SWAT) deposition. Conversely, for those with MUO, WAT remodeling leads to ectopic fat deposition and IR, causing metabolic dysregulation. This process involves adipocyte hypertrophy, disrupted vascularization, heightened pro‐inflammatory microenvironment, enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT) whitening, and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VWAT) deposition. The review underscores the pivotal importance of intervening in WAT remodeling to hinder the transition from MHO to MUO. This insight is valuable for tailoring personalized and effective management strategies for patients with obesity in clinical practice.

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“…In visceral fat, members of the innate as well as adaptive immune system have been identified. These include macrophages, dendritic cells, granulocytes, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells), and also T and B cells [ 3 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 ). The support of tissue functions by resident immune cells involves interactions with non-immune tissue cells including adipocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, fibroblasts, and other mesenchymal stromal cells [ 3 , 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental?

Kolb

2022

BMC Med

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Obesity usually is accompanied by inflammation of fat tissue, with a prominent role of visceral fat. Chronic inflammation in obese fat tissue is of a lower grade than acute immune activation for clearing the tissue from an infectious agent. It is the loss of adipocyte metabolic homeostasis that causes activation of resident immune cells for supporting tissue functions and regaining homeostasis. Initially, the excess influx of lipids and glucose in the context of overnutrition is met by adipocyte growth and proliferation. Eventual lipid overload of hypertrophic adipocytes leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress and the secretion of a variety of signals causing increased sympathetic tone, lipolysis by adipocytes, lipid uptake by macrophages, matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and immune cell activation. Pro-inflammatory signaling of adipocytes causes the resident immune system to release increased amounts of pro-inflammatory and other mediators resulting in enhanced tissue-protective responses. With chronic overnutrition, these protective actions are insufficient, and death of adipocytes as well as senescence of several tissue cell types is seen. This structural damage causes the expression or release of immunostimulatory cell components resulting in influx and activation of monocytes and many other immune cell types, with a contribution of stromal cells. Matrix remodeling and angiogenesis is further intensified as well as possibly detrimental fibrosis. The accumulation of senescent cells also may be detrimental via eventual spread of senescence state from affected to neighboring cells by the release of microRNA-containing vesicles. Obese visceral fat inflammation can be viewed as an initially protective response in order to cope with excess ambient nutrients and restore tissue homeostasis but may contribute to tissue damage at a later stage.

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Shades of white: new insights into tissue‐resident leukocyte heterogeneity

Cited by 5 publications

References 83 publications

Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus

Combined Short and Long-Read Sequencing Reveals a Complex Transcriptomic Architecture of African Swine Fever Virus

MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling

Obese visceral fat tissue inflammation: from protective to detrimental?

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