2017
DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3171746
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Shadow Economy Index for the Baltic Countries 2009-2016

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Cited by 21 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…While in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the finding is that the higher the risk of detection and the penalty, the lower the tax evasion and misreporting (Putniņš and Sauka, 2017), in Moldova and Romania no relationship between the two deterrents and the probability of a business deliberately misreporting has been identified (Putniņš et al, 2018). In Greece, investigating a sample of small and medium-size enterprises, the finding is that the coercive power of authorities has a negative effect on both intended tax compliance and voluntary tax compliance, and yet a positive effect on enforced tax compliance (Kaplanoglou et al, 2016).…”
Section: Small Business and The Policy Measures For Reducing Informalmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…While in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, the finding is that the higher the risk of detection and the penalty, the lower the tax evasion and misreporting (Putniņš and Sauka, 2017), in Moldova and Romania no relationship between the two deterrents and the probability of a business deliberately misreporting has been identified (Putniņš et al, 2018). In Greece, investigating a sample of small and medium-size enterprises, the finding is that the coercive power of authorities has a negative effect on both intended tax compliance and voluntary tax compliance, and yet a positive effect on enforced tax compliance (Kaplanoglou et al, 2016).…”
Section: Small Business and The Policy Measures For Reducing Informalmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…Starp Baltijas valstīm tieši Latvijas uzņēmumi ir visvairāk neapmierināti ar nodokļu sistēmu un valdību (Sauka, Putniņš, 2011). Iespējams, tāpēc ēnu ekonomika Latvijā ir ievērojami lielāka (21,3 %) nekā Igaunijā (14,9 %) un Lietuvā (15 %) (Putniņš, Sauka, 2016). Ekonomisti savos pētījumos pievērš lielu uzmanību ietekmei, kādu tirdzniecība atstāj uz kopējo ekonomikas izaugsmi apstākļos, kad novērojama uzņēmumu neviendabība.…”
Section: Eksports Kā Uzņēmējdarbību Veicinošs Faktorsunclassified
“…In the group of macroeconomic determinants, the experts from Lithuanian Free Market Institute (LFMI) emphasise the significance of the overall macroeconomic situation in the country. It is proposed that increased accessibility of economic activities to physical entities (LFMI 2014), reduction of unemployment rate (Williams et al 2010;LFMI 2014), increased wages (Schneider et al 2010;Putniņš, Sauka 2014;LFMI 2014) as well as promotion of general advancement of the country (including IT advancement) (Ingram, Hinduja 2008;Amasiatu, Shah 2014;Camarero et al 2014) could significantly contribute to reduction of the scope of shadow economy (including digital shadow activities) since these measures would make legal activities more attractive in comparison to illegal ones.…”
Section: The Determinants and Channels Of Digital Shadow Consumption:mentioning
confidence: 99%