Shadow Filters Using Multiple-Input Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers

Kumngern, Montree; Khateb, Fabian; Kulej, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/s23031526

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The performance of the proposed comb filter utilizing the VDGA is meticulously compared in Table 2 with existing circuits found in the literature, considering various aspects such as application, technology, active block, number of active blocks, number of passive components, voltage supply, rejection frequency, notch depth, and THD. Table 2 clearly illustrates that the circuits documented in studies [12,13,15,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], and Kumngern et al [33] are primarily designed for notching a single frequency only. Through this comparative analysis, it is evident that the proposed structure stands out as highly advantageous, requiring fewer active blocks and passive components when compared to designs presented in studies [14,16,17,21], all while achieving notching for the same number of undesirable frequencies (n=4).…”

Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For advanced configurations, Kumngern et al [32] implement a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) OTAbased notch filter using 0.18µm DTMOS technology. Finally, a multiple-input differential difference transconductance amplifier (MI-DDTA)-based notch filter is proposed in 0.18µm CMOS technology [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existing comb filters present several noteworthy limitations. Firstly, the active comb filter is confined to the removal of a single frequency, i.e., only the fundamental frequency of the PLI [12,13,15,18,19,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]33]. Furthermore, using excessive active blocks and passive components in the circuit design, as observed in studies , results in complex circuits, increasing the chip area and power consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Banarjee,

Pathak,

Sarkar

et al. 2024

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This research article presents the systematic development of a current-mode-based active comb filter designed to mitigate the undesirable PLI (power line interference) and its harmonics contaminating biomedical signals. The filter is designed using the latest currentmode Analog Building Block (ABB), specifically Voltage Differencing Gain Amplifiers (VDGA). This filter effectively suppresses the 50Hz PLI and reduces the odd consecutive harmonics of the 50Hz PLI, including the third harmonic at 150Hz, the fifth harmonic at 250Hz, and the seventh harmonic at 350Hz. In this design, we employ 'n' VDGAs as active components and '2n' capacitors as passive components to suppress 'n' frequencies. The active and passive components used in this filter are significantly fewer in number compared to similar filter designs in existing literature. Moreover, the filter can be electronically tuned for a specific pole frequency and quality factor value using the VDGA's bias currents. It's important to note that the pole frequency and the quality factor can be independently tuned owing to their orthogonal relationship. In simulation, the proposed filter demonstrates a notch depth of -42.9dB and a total harmonic distortion (THD) of -83dB, indicating its effectiveness in attenuating the pole frequency. The filter's design is simulated using a 0.18µm CMOS process technology and the macro-model of the MAX435 IC in the PSPICE simulator to validate its functionality and feasibility. Furthermore, a non-ideal analysis of the filter's performance has been conducted, considering real VDGAs exhibiting nonidealities such as transconductance gain errors and parasitics on their ports. Finally, the overall performance of this filter is compared based on various parameters, including the technology used, the number of active and passive components, supply voltage, the number of pole frequencies attenuated, notch depth, and THD, in comparison with existing comb and notch filters in the literature. The filter's performance and simplicity make it a promising choice in demanding biomedical detection systems.

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Section: Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Banarjee,

Pathak,

Sarkar

et al. 2024

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show abstract

“…It is based on the employment of an external amplifier stage and a “hidden” filter stage within the core of the filter. This is actually the concept of shadow filtering introduced in Lakys and Fabre 16,17 and utilized in previous studies 18–34 in the case of second‐order filters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First‐order universal shadow filter designs with scaled time constants

Nako,

Psychalinos,

Minaei

2024

Circuit Theory & Apps

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First‐order generalized filter designs which simultaneously offer implementation of the low‐pass, high‐pass, and all‐pass filters basic functions with scaling of the associated time constant are presented in this work. These have been achieved thanks to the employment of the shadow filtering technique, which enables the utilization of a “hidden filter” for performing scaling of the time constant. The resulting filters offer also a high‐impedance input, and as the outputs are also taken from low‐impedance nodes, there is not any imposed restriction concerning their cascadability. The provided simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed concept.

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A Novel Multiple-Input Single-Output Current-Mode Shadow Filter and Shadow Oscillator Using Current-Controlled Current Conveyors

Kumngern,

Khateb,

Kulej

2024

Circuits Syst Signal Process

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Shadow Filters Using Multiple-Input Differential Difference Transconductance Amplifiers

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

Systematic Realization of VDGA-Based Comb Filter for Biomedical Signal Processing

First‐order universal shadow filter designs with scaled time constants

A Novel Multiple-Input Single-Output Current-Mode Shadow Filter and Shadow Oscillator Using Current-Controlled Current Conveyors

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