Shaking table tests of an arch-pillars system and design of strengthening by the use of tie-rods

Calderini, Chiara; Lagomarsino, Sergio; Rossi, M.; Canio, Gerardo De; Mongelli, Marialuisa; Roselli, Ivan

doi:10.1007/s10518-014-9678-x

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The dimensions of the buttressed arches and the configuration of the rigid block model are shown in Figure 10A. The value of the unit weight of the blocks was set equal to 11.5 kN/m 3 and the friction coefficient was taken to be 0.6, in accordance with Calderini et al 11 and Calderini and Lagomarsino. 52 The normal joint stiffness at block interfaces was set equal to 1.2e5 kN/m 3 , considering the elastic modulus, which was measured for the blocks and tissues at the interfaces (which were equal to 1800 and 0.06 MPa, respectively), and corresponding dimensions.…”

Section: Dry-stacked Buttressed Archesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A variational rigid‐block modeling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral loads

Portioli

Godio

Calderini

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Displacement-based methods contained in recent standards for seismic safety assessment require the determination of the full nonlinear pushover curve for local failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures. This curve should reflect both the initial elastic behavior and the rigid body behavior after the activation of rocking. In this work, a rigid block model is proposed for the displacement-based seismic assessment of local collapse mechanisms of these structures. Masonry is modeled as an assemblage of two-dimensional rigid blocks in contact through frictional interfaces. Two types of contact models are formulated to capture, respectively, the pre and postpeak branches of the pushover curve: a unilateral elastic contact model, capturing the initial nonlinear behavior up to the force capacity of the structure, corresponding to the activation of the collapse mechanism, and a rigid contact model with finite friction and compressive strength, which describes the rigid-body rocking behavior up to the attainment of the displacement capacity of the structure. Tension-only elements are also implemented to model strengthening interventions with tie-rods. The contact problems associated with the elastic and rigid contact models are formulated using mathematical programming. For both models, a sequential solution procedure is implemented to capture the variation of the load multiplier with the increasing deformation of the structure (P-Δ effect). The accuracy of the modeling approach in reproducing the pushover curve of masonry panels subjected to horizontal seismic loads is evaluated on selected case studies. The solution is first tested against hand calculations, existing analytical models, and distinct element simulations. Then, comparisons against experimental tests follow. As a final application, the failure mechanism and pushover curve of a triumphal masonry arch are predicted by the model and its seismic assessment is performed according to codified force-and displacement-based methods, demonstrating the adequacy of the proposed tool for practice.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Dry-stacked Buttressed Archesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A variational rigid‐block modeling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral loads

Portioli

Godio

Calderini

et al. 2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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show abstract

“…For example, experiments with modern materials have demonstrated that, by adding a steel tie rod, the static load-bearing capability of a masonry arch can be increased by 300% (Ural et al 2016). Furthermore, ferrous reinforcement elements also greatly increase the resistance of masonry structures to seismic loads (Lucibello et al 2013;Calderini and Lagomarsino 2014;Calderini et al 2015).…”

Section: The Reinforcement Of Masonry Buildings and The Performance Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The architectural role of historical tie rods and other ferrous reinforcements has been assessed in several historical buildings (Dillmann et al 2003;Collini et al 2015;Coronelli et al 2015;Ural et al 2016;Gentile et al 2017), and their effectiveness in respect to both static and seismic loads has been studied both experimentally and theoretically (Lucibello et al 2013;Calderini and Lagomarsino 2014;Calderini et al 2015;Ural et al 2016;Zielinska 2017). Moreover, the mechanical properties of 19th century puddled iron have been the subject of several studies (Bowman and Piskorowski 2004; Kelton et al 2011;Rutz et al 2018).…”

Section: The Purpose Of the Present Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Performance of Historical Wrought Iron Rods

Matteis

Scavino

2019

Archaeometry

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Historical masonry buildings are often reinforced with ferrous tie rods. Before the late 18th century, such rods were hot formed by using wrought iron deriving from either the bloomery or the finery process; thereafter, the puddling process was introduced and gradually became prevalent. Several such tie rods are still in service in cultural‐heritage buildings; their analysis can shed light on historical production processes and building techniques, and knowledge of their mechanical performance can be valuable for architectural conservation purposes. Four steel tie rods, which were retrieved from a 17th century masonry building in Turin, Italy, and are dated to the late 17th and early 19th centuries, are examined here, by means of chemical and microstructural analyses, tensile tests and fractographic examinations, and both the material fabrication procedure and its mechanical performance are discussed.

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“…This can be achieved in practice with the use of machine vision technologies [10]. In laboratory environment, for example, 3D motion capture systems [11] have been recently applied to shaking table tests with successful results both on scaled models [12][13] and on full-scale masonry structures [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative displacements of 3D optical markers for deformations and crack monitoring of a masonry structure under shaking table tests

Roselli¹,

Canio²,

Rossi³

et al. 2019

Int. J. CMEM

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The application of 3D motion capture systems to shaking table testing provides a unique tool for recording relative displacements of a large number of measurement points of the tested structure. The analysis of 3D relative displacements during dynamic tests allows us to evaluate the structure deformations and to monitor the cracks formation and evolution. The present paper focuses on the processing and analysis of 3D motion capture data to extract accurate displacements between markers positioned on a full-scale model of a masonry cross vault representing a vault of the mosque of Dey, Algiers, tested at the ENEA Casaccia Research Centre. The management and processing of the data acquired through 67 markers located on the vault are described, showing the potentialities of the methodology. Moreover, the possible formulation of damage indices based on the structure deformations and cracks aperture detected from markers relative displacements (MRDs) was explored. In particular, cracks could be counted and classifi ed as a function of the detected apertures, following damage thresholds indicated in the Italian regulations. Moreover, the failure mechanism could be easily visualized and analysed by monitoring the cumulative MRDs. In addition, in-plane and out-of-plane deformations of walls could be monitored during each seismic test, providing accurate information on the torsional and bending effects.

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Shaking table tests of an arch-pillars system and design of strengthening by the use of tie-rods

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

A variational rigid‐block modeling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral loads

A variational rigid‐block modeling approach to nonlinear elastic and kinematic analysis of failure mechanisms in historic masonry structures subjected to lateral loads

Mechanical Performance of Historical Wrought Iron Rods

Relative displacements of 3D optical markers for deformations and crack monitoring of a masonry structure under shaking table tests

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