ShakingAlarm: A Nontraditional Regional Earthquake Early Warning System Based on Time‐Dependent Anisotropic Peak Ground‐Motion Attenuation Relationships

Yang, Benjamin Ming; Huang, Ting‐Chung; Wu, Yih‐Min

doi:10.1785/0120170105

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Recent development of low cost sensors (Cochran et al, 2009;Wu et al, 2013), fiber sensors (Lindsey et al, 2017), and even smartphones (Kong et al, 2016) make the buildup of such dense networks and noninterrupted transmission more feasible nowadays. That would pave the way for the development of real-time-based methods such as ours and others (Bose et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2018) to provide information of rupture directivity and possible amplified ground shaking areas as fast as possible for hazard mitigation and emergency management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Near‐Real‐Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near‐Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low‐Cost Seismic Network

Jan

Huang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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Rupture directivity of earthquakes could amplify ground shaking and cause serious earthquake hazards. Its timely information is therefore of great importance for early shaking alerts and emergency responses. To this end, we test the feasibility of using near‐field (<25 km) ground motion data from a dense low‐cost seismic network in Taiwan to constrain directivity information and provide warning for far‐field areas. The method is simple and robust, based on the real‐time shaking map interpolation and directional attenuation regression analysis. Applications to 16 moderate‐ to large‐magnitude earthquakes in Taiwan and California show that the directivity can be stably obtained within 17 s and agrees well with previous studies when available. An indicator of the strength of directivity amplification is also defined and reveals a prevalence of strong directivity effect for ML ≥ 6.0 earthquakes in Taiwan. Such near‐real‐time directivity information can therefore be useful in earthquake early warning systems for providing more accurate ground shaking alerts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Near‐Real‐Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near‐Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low‐Cost Seismic Network

Jan

Huang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Once it is triggered, the shakemap module will enter the triggered mode and save the peak value of each station. Also, it will perform the spatial interpolation calculation using inverse distance weighting [ 15 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] once per second to obtain a reasonable regional shakemap. In addition to sending the calculation result to the shared memory ( Map Ring ), it also sends the output to the local hard disk in a text format for archiving.…”

Section: The Shakemap Methodology Upgradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Production of PGA, PGV, Intensity, and Sa Shakemaps Using Dense MEMS-Based Sensors in Taiwan

Yang

2021

Sensors

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Using low-cost sensors to build a seismic network for earthquake early warning (EEW) and to generate shakemaps is a cost-effective way in the field of seismology. National Taiwan University (NTU) network employing 748 P-Alert sensors based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology is operational for almost the last 10 years. This instrumentation is capable of recording the strong ground motions of up to ± 2g and is dense enough to record the near-field ground motion. It has proven effective in generating EEW warnings and delivering real-time shakemaps to the concerned disaster relief agencies to mitigate the earthquake-affected regions. Before 2020, this instrumentation was used to plot peak ground acceleration (PGA) shakemaps only; however, recently it has been upgraded to generate the peak ground velocity (PGV), Central Weather Bureau (CWB) Intensity scale, and spectral acceleration (Sa) shakemaps at different periods as value-added products. After upgradation, the performance of the network was observed using the latest recorded earthquakes in the country. The experimental results in the present work demonstrate that the new parameters shakemaps added in the current work provide promising outputs, and are comparable with the shakemaps given by the official agency CWB. These shakemaps are helpful to delineate the earthquake-hit regions which in turn is required to assist the needy well in time to mitigate the seismic risk.

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“…With P-Alert instruments distributed all over the country, the shakemaps produced using this instrumentation offer detailed shaking patterns, which are helpful for assessing the damage pattern. The ability to provide shakemaps and to determine rupture direction using this instrumentation is discussed previously in many studies [37][38][39][40][41][42][43].…”

Section: Shakemaps Using P-alert Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The near-real-time detailed shakemaps can identify the direction of the source rupture. Yang et al (2018) [43] proposed a nontraditional regional EEW system based on timedependent anisotropic PGA attenuation relationships that are based on real-time P-Alert signals, named "ShakingAlarm". This is a ground-motion-driven approach using observed data from the source region to establish time-dependent anisotropic PGA attenuation and accurately predict the PGA for the far region before the arrival of the observed PGA.…”

Section: Applications Of P-alert Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan

2021

Sensors

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Seismic instrumentation for earthquake early warnings (EEWs) has improved significantly in the last few years, considering the station coverage, data quality, and the related applications. The official EEW system in Taiwan is operated by the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) and is responsible for issuing the regional warning for moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring in and around Taiwan. The low-cost micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based P-Alert EEW system is operational in Taiwan for on-site warnings and for producing shakemaps. Since 2010, this P-Alert system, installed by the National Taiwan University (NTU), has shown its importance during various earthquakes that caused damage in Taiwan. Although the system is capable of acting as a regional as well as an on-site warning system, it is particularly useful for on-site warning. Using real-time seismic signals, each P-Alert system can provide a 2–8 s-long warning time for the locations situated in the blind zone of the CWB regional warning system. The shakemaps plotted using this instrumentation help to assess the damage pattern and rupture directivity, a key feature in the risk mitigation process. These shakemaps are delivered to the intended users, including the disaster mitigation authorities, for possible relief purposes. Earlier, the network provided only peak ground acceleration (PGA) shakemaps, but has now been updated to include peak ground velocity (PGV), spectral acceleration (Sa) at different periods, and CWB intensity maps. The PGA and PGV shakemaps plotted using this network have proven helpful in establishing the fact that PGV is a better indicator of damage detection than PGA. This instrumentation is also useful in structural health-monitoring and estimating co-seismic deformations. Encouraged by the performance of the P-Alert network, more instruments are installed in Asia-Pacific countries.

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ShakingAlarm: A Nontraditional Regional Earthquake Early Warning System Based on Time‐Dependent Anisotropic Peak Ground‐Motion Attenuation Relationships

Cited by 16 publications

References 26 publications

Near‐Real‐Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near‐Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low‐Cost Seismic Network

Near‐Real‐Time Estimates on Earthquake Rupture Directivity Using Near‐Field Ground Motion Data From a Dense Low‐Cost Seismic Network

Real-Time Production of PGA, PGV, Intensity, and Sa Shakemaps Using Dense MEMS-Based Sensors in Taiwan

A Review on the Development of Earthquake Warning System Using Low-Cost Sensors in Taiwan

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