Shale particle interactions with organic and inorganic hydraulic fracturing additives

Manz, Katherine E.; Palomino, Angelica M.; Cyr, Howard; Carter, Kimberly E.

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104901

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Even though they are present in relatively small amounts, the additives in hydraulic fracturing fluid influence the amounts and concentrations of "flowback" waters (fluids collected at the surface after injection). 79 Current fracking processes typically extract only 20% of the available gas within a shale play. Maximizing the extracted gas per well and minimizing the volume of flowback waters will decrease the environmental impacts of fracking, which has become a major global source of energy and has provided gas as an alternative fuel to coal, helping reduce U.S. CO 2 emissions dramatically.…”

Section: Human Health: Effects Of Mineral Dust Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) for oil and gas recovery requires insight into molecular-level processes at oxide–water interfaces. Even though they are present in relatively small amounts, the additives in hydraulic fracturing fluid influence the amounts and concentrations of “flowback” waters (fluids collected at the surface after injection) . Current fracking processes typically extract only 20% of the available gas within a shale play.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxide– and Silicate–Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment

et al. 2023

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Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage, environmental contaminant remediation, and nuclear waste repository management. The onset of the 21st century marked the beginning of a more detailed understanding of mineral aqueous interfaces enabled by advances in techniques that use tunable high-flux focused ultrafast laser and X-ray sources to provide near-atomic measurement resolution, as well as by nanofabrication approaches that enable transmission electron microscopy in a liquid cell. This leap into atomic-and nanometer-scale measurements has uncovered scale-dependent phenomena whose reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, and pathways deviate from previous observations made on larger systems. A second key advance is new experimental evidence for what scientists hypothesized but could not test previously, namely, interfacial chemical reactions are frequently driven by "anomalies" or "non-idealities" such as defects, nanoconfinement, and other nontypical chemical structures. Third, progress in computational chemistry has yielded new insights that allow a move beyond simple schematics, leading to a molecular model of these complex interfaces. In combination with surfacesensitive measurements, we have gained knowledge of the interfacial structure and dynamics, including the underlying solid surface and the immediately adjacent water and aqueous ions, enabling a better definition of what constitutes the oxide− and silicate−water interfaces. This critical review discusses how science progresses from understanding ideal solid−water interfaces to more realistic systems, focusing on accomplishments in the last 20 years and identifying challenges and future opportunities for the community to address. We anticipate that the next 20 years will focus on understanding and predicting dynamic transient and reactive structures over greater spatial and temporal ranges as well as systems of greater structural and chemical complexity. Closer collaborations of theoretical and experimental experts across disciplines will continue to be critical to achieving this great aspiration.

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Section: Human Health: Effects Of Mineral Dust Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxide– and Silicate–Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment

et al. 2023

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“…Because severe geochemical reactions occur during shale–persulfate interactions, they inevitably enhance the migration of toxic and harmful components in shale . The mobility of trace elements during shale–persulfate interactions was already discussed in our previous studies. , Considering that the production modes of trace elements influence their mobility, we should consider the potential risk of trace elements in shale combined with carbonate minerals, chlorite, and pyrite.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Oxidation–Acidification Interactions that Dominate Shale Stimulation with Persulfate

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Shale–persulfate interactions commonly occur in shale hydraulic fracturing, but the interaction mechanism and its implications for shale matrix alteration remain poorly understood. In this study, interactions between shale collected from Yichang, Hubei Province, China, and persulfate were investigated with experiments and geochemical modeling. The results revealed that although significant gypsum precipitation offsets the mass loss caused by pyrite, kerogen, and carbonate dissolution, the enlargement of micropores in shale still occurred when treated with persulfate. Both Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and water chemical analyses confirmed that pyrite was preferentially oxidized by persulfate and that aliphatic C–O or −COOH was generated in kerogen after the treatment with persulfate. The oxidation rate of pyrite was 1.82 × 10–4 mol·m–2·s–1 according to the numerical simulation results, which was 1.5-fold higher than kerogen. Calcite, dolomite, and chlorite were all favorable for kerogen oxidation by inhibiting decomposition and prolonging the life cycle of persulfate. Dolomite showed priority in promoting kerogen oxidation over calcite and chlorite. According to the geochemical simulation, the key components, including calcite, pyrite, kerogen, dolomite, chlorite, and gypsum, contributed to −42.9, −16.6, −4.9, −3.7, −5.1, and 61.1% of the total solid mass change, respectively.

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“…Persulfate can reduce the viscosity of gel-based fluids after delivery of proppant to the fracture zone of the target formation . Recent theoretical developments have revealed that persulfate can promote the dissolution of carbonate minerals, release trace elements in shale, and improve shale permeability. − Calcite and dolomite, highly abundant in calcareous shale, have extreme chemical reactivity. Research has shown that persulfate may react with shale, dissolving reductive components and converting carbonate minerals to gypsum. , The molar volume will increase by 101% during the conversion of calcite to calcium sulfate dihydrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Oxidative Dissolution and Mineral Swelling Effects on Seepage Channels and Permeability of Calcareous Shale Reservoirs: An Experimental Study

et al. 2022

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Multistaged hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well may significantly improve the permeability of the calcareous shale reservoir, but hard to improve the transport capacity of gas in nanopores, resulting in insufficient gas supply from the shale matrix to fractures and rapid production decline after the stimulation. Nevertheless, the seepage capacity and production will increase due to the water-rock interaction during the soaking process after fracturing. Our research proposes to utilize the reaction between persulfate and calcareous shale to strengthen the water-rock interaction, achieving oxidative dissolution and swelling. Ammonium persulfate was selected as the fracturing fluid additive to analyze the effect of oxidative dissolution and swelling on the macroscopic and microscopic seepage capacity of calcareous shale through technical means such as stress sensitivity test, NMR, and SEM. We conclude that persulfate’s oxidative dissolution and swelling will greatly promote fractures and increase permeability in calcareous shale reservoirs to reconstruct the seepage channels. The findings of this study have implications for determining and optimizing the fracturing fluid’s performance and the postfracturing production management system to develop calcareous shale reservoirs in a green and efficient manner.

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Shale particle interactions with organic and inorganic hydraulic fracturing additives

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Oxide– and Silicate–Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment

Oxide– and Silicate–Water Interfaces and Their Roles in Technology and the Environment

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Oxidation–Acidification Interactions that Dominate Shale Stimulation with Persulfate

Investigation of Oxidative Dissolution and Mineral Swelling Effects on Seepage Channels and Permeability of Calcareous Shale Reservoirs: An Experimental Study

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