This study estimates paleoenvironmental changes in water depths and temperatures from approximately 0.6 Ma during the marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 15 of the Middle Pleistocene along coastal Japan. We used the modern analog technique (MAT), which is based on ostracod assemblages from the Naganuma Formation in the Sagami Group of Kanagawa Prefecture in central Japan. The analysis revealed that the Naganuma Formation was deposited in the shallow-marine environment at paleo-water depths of 25-41 m, similar to current depths of southwestern Japan coastal areas such as the Setonaikai Sea. The estimated summer paleo-water temperature (ca. 28℃) was approximately 2℃ higher than current Sagami Bay water temperatures at depths of shallower than 30 m. The estimated temperatures were also similar to or slightly lower (~2℃) than current summer temperatures in Sagami Bay at depths of 40 m. The estimated winter paleo-water temperatures (6-11℃) were slightly lower (~2℃) than current Sagami Bay temperatures at depths of shallower than 40 m. This study reports for the first time fluctuations in paleo-water temperature estimates quantitatively from 0.6 Ma during the MIS 15 along coastal Japan.