Shame as a mediator between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among veterans

Cunningham, Katherine C.; LoSavio, Stefanie T.; Dennis, Paul A.; Farmer, Chloe; Clancy, Carolina P.; Hertzberg, Michael A.; Kimbrel, Nathan A.; Calhoun, Patrick S.; Beckham, Jean C.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.040

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Clinically, psychotherapy remains the most effective treatment for PTSD, rather than pharmacotherapy 44 . Particularly among military veterans, PTSD is associated with a sense of shame, which can often lead to suicide 45 . Recent psychotherapeutic approaches (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals

Zanette

Hobbs

Witterick

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Predator-induced fear is both, one of the most common stressors employed in animal model studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a major focus of research in ecology. There has been a growing discourse between these disciplines but no direct empirical linkage. We endeavoured to provide this empirical linkage by conducting experiments drawing upon the strengths of both disciplines. Exposure to a natural cue of predator danger (predator vocalizations), had enduring effects of at least 7 days duration involving both, a heightened sensitivity to predator danger (indicative of an enduring memory of fear), and elevated neuronal activation in both the amygdala and hippocampus – in wild birds (black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus ), exposed to natural environmental and social experiences in the 7 days following predator exposure. Our results demonstrate enduring effects on the brain and behaviour, meeting the criteria to be considered an animal model of PTSD – in a wild animal, which are of a nature and degree which can be anticipated could affect fecundity and survival in free-living wildlife. We suggest our findings support both the proposition that PTSD is not unnatural, and that long-lasting effects of predator-induced fear, with likely effects on fecundity and survival, are the norm in nature.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals

Zanette

Hobbs

Witterick

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The inability to regulate feelings of shame is a significant risk factor for the onset and recurrence of depression (Kim et al 2011), anxiety (Fergus et al 2010), suicide (Wiklander et al 2012), post-traumatic stress disorder (Cunningham et al 2019), addictions (Potter-Efron and Bruce 2014), eating disorders (Duarte and Pinto-Gouveia 2017), personality disorders (Peters & Geiger, 2016) and violent behaviour (Shanahan et al 2011). With evidence on the role of shame in psychopathology accumulating, new research is focusing on ways individuals may more effectively regulate shame.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Through Benevolent Eyes: the Differential Efficacy of Perspective Taking and Cognitive Reappraisal on the Regulation of Shame

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Difficulties in regulating feelings of shame is a risk factor for the onset and recurrence of mental health disorders. The present research investigated the impact of the individual differences in propensity to experience shame (or shame-proneness) on two emotion regulation strategies-perspective taking and positive reappraisal. A total of 228 participants, undergraduate students, were allocated randomly to one of the eight experimental conditions. The results revealed that for high shame-prone participants, the use of perspective taking, without positive reappraisal, led to a heightened experience of shame. In contrast, the combination of perspective taking and positive reappraisal led to reductions in shame among high shame-prone participants. The findings highlight the relationship between individual differences, and the separate and combined effects of affect regulation strategies on the experience of shame.

show abstract

“…The most common cognitive factor reported in the literature can be broadly described as “negative cognitions.” Cunningham et al. (2019) found that shame fully accounted for the association between PTSD and SI among treatment‐seeking veterans. In turn, Kachadourian et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid vulnerability theory as a framework for understanding the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide: A narrative review

Rugo

Kerig

Crowell

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Suicide is a persistent issue in the United States and across the globe. A large body of published research shows that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases the risk of suicidal ideation, suicidal behaviors, and death by suicide. However, the existing literature examining why that association might pertain is widely dispersed across disciplines (e.g., psychology, nursing) and lacks an integrative theoretical framework, making it difficult to conceptualize the current state of science in this area. Therefore, the primary aims of this narrative review were to (a) provide a comprehensive and interdisciplinary critique of the current state of knowledge regarding mechanisms that underlie the association between PTSD and suicide and (b) organize that knowledge according to a specified theoretical framework. The framework guiding this review is “fluid vulnerability theory,” a diathesis–stress model of suicide that emphasizes the dynamic nature of suicide risk across cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological domains. A summary of the findings, including patterns that emerged, gaps that remain, and recommendations for the advancement of science and practice in this area are addressed in this narrative review.

show abstract

Shame as a mediator between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and suicidal ideation among veterans

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals

Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals

Through Benevolent Eyes: the Differential Efficacy of Perspective Taking and Cognitive Reappraisal on the Regulation of Shame

Fluid vulnerability theory as a framework for understanding the association between posttraumatic stress disorder and suicide: A narrative review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About