Shannon Entropy Applied to the Measurement of the Electroencephalographic Effects of Desflurane

Bruhn, Jørgen; Lehmann, Lutz; Röpcke, Heiko; Bouillon, Thomas; Hoeft, Andreas

doi:10.1097/00000542-200107000-00010

Cited by 127 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The filtered EEG signal (0.0 -30 Hz) was sampled at a rate of 1,000 Hz, using commercially available EEG equipment (Grass Instruments). Home-made software based on the Shannon spectral entropy method (22) was used to quantify EEG data and to calculate the spectral entropy index (SEI Յ 1), where a high SEI value indicates a high brain activity level. The EEG signal was divided into epochs of 10-s duration, and then the spectral entropy index was calculated for each epoch in the 0.3-to 30-Hz frequency range.…”

Section: [2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vivo 31 P MT approach (9-12) was applied to measure both the forward chemical exchange fluxes (F f ) from PCr to ATP [i.e., forward CK reaction flux (F f , CK ) related to the PCr 3 ATP reaction catalyzed by CK] and from P i to ATP [i.e., forward ATPase reaction flux (F f,ATPase ) related to the Pi 3 ATP reaction catalyzed by ATPase] by selectively saturating the ␥-ATP resonance peak under varied brain activity states in the rat. The rat brain activities were determined by EEG measurements and quantified by the spectral entropy index (SEI) based on the Shannon spectral entropy method (22). The details regarding the measurements of F f , ATPase , F f , CK , and SEI may be found in Materials and Methods.…”

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Tightly coupled brain activity and cerebral ATP metabolic rate

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

186

220

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A majority of ATP in the brain is formed in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation of ADP with the F1F0-ATP (ATPase) enzyme. This ATP production rate plays central roles in brain bioenergetics, function and neurodegeneration. In vivo 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with magnetization transfer (MT) is the sole approach able to noninvasively determine this ATP metabolic rate via measuring the forward ATPase reaction flux (F f,ATPase). However, previous studies indicate lack of quantitative agreement between F f,ATPase and oxidative metabolic rate in heart and liver. In contrast, recent work has shown that F f,ATPase might reflect oxidative phosphorylation rate in resting human brains. We have conducted an animal study, using rats under varied brain activity levels from light anesthesia to isoelectric state, to examine whether the in vivo 31 P MT approach is suitable for measuring the oxidative phosphorylation rate and its change associated with varied brain activity. Our results conclude that the measured F f,ATPase reflects the oxidative phosphorylation rate in resting rat brains, that this flux is tightly correlated to the change of energy demand under varied brain activity levels, and that a significant amount of ATP energy is required for ''housekeeping'' under the isoelectric state. These findings reveal distinguishable characteristics of ATP metabolism between the brain and heart, and they highlight the importance of in vivo 31 P MT approach to potentially provide a unique and powerful neuroimaging modality for noninvasively studying the cerebral ATP metabolic network and its central role in bioenergetics associated with brain function, activation, and diseases.A denosine triphosphate (ATP), a high-energy phosphate (HEP) compound, is the universal energy currency in living cells for supporting the energy needs of various cellular activities and functions. In the brain, a majority of ATP is formed in the mitochondria through oxidative phosphorylation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) catalyzed by the enzyme of ATP synthase (ATPase) (1). A large portion of ATP energy is used in cytosol to pump sodium and potassium across the cellular membrane for maintaining transmembrane ion gradients and to support neurotransmitters cycling and, thus, sustaining electrophysiological activity and cell signaling in the brain. The ATP metabolism regulating both ATP production and utilization plays a fundamental role in cerebral bioenergetics, brain function, and neurodegenerative diseases (2-6).The brain ATP metabolism is mainly controlled by ATPase and creatine kinase (CK) reactions that are coupled together and constitute a complex chemical exchange system involving ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi) (i.e., a PCr^ATP^Pi chemical exchange system) (7-10). One vital function of this ATP metabolic network is to maintain a stable cellular ATP concentration by adjusting the reaction rates to ensure a continuous energy supply for sustaining electrophysiological activity and ...

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Section: [2]mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Tightly coupled brain activity and cerebral ATP metabolic rate

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

186

220

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“…(1)(2)(3) . Studies demonstrated the usefulness of shannon entropy and the approximate entropy to describe the EEG changes during desflurane anaesthesia (4) . The Datex omeda S/5 entropy module is the first commercially available monitor based on the spectral entropy (5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Compare the Dose of Propofol for Induction of Anaesthesia by Entropy Monitoring against Standard Induction dose in Elderly Patients

Zohail¹

2017

jmscr

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“…The larger the entropy, the greater the uncertainty and randomness. In the present study, the entropy used to process EEG can be viewed as a measure of the order in the signal, which measures the skewness and uncertainty [76]. In the case of random variables with known probability distribution, the entropy is defined by…”

Section: Feature Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pervasive Approach to EEG‐Based Depression Detection

et al. 2018

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Nowadays, depression is the world's major health concern and economic burden worldwide. However, due to the limitations of current methods for depression diagnosis, a pervasive and objective approach is essential. In the present study, a psychophysiological database, containing 213 (92 depressed patients and 121 normal controls) subjects, was constructed. The electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of all participants under resting state and sound stimulation were collected using a pervasive prefrontal-lobe threeelectrode EEG system at Fp1, Fp2, and Fpz electrode sites. After denoising using the Finite Impulse Response filter combining the Kalman derivation formula, Discrete Wavelet Transformation, and an Adaptive Predictor Filter, a total of 270 linear and nonlinear features were extracted. Then, the minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance feature selection technique reduced the dimensionality of the feature space. Four classification methods (Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Classification Trees, and Artificial Neural Network) distinguished the depressed participants from normal controls. The classifiers' performances were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. The results showed that K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) had the highest accuracy of 79.27%. The result also suggested that the absolute power of the theta wave might be a valid characteristic for discriminating depression. This study proves the feasibility of a pervasive three-electrode EEG acquisition system for depression diagnosis.

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Shannon Entropy Applied to the Measurement of the Electroencephalographic Effects of Desflurane

Abstract: The Shannon entropy seems to be a useful electroencephalographic measure of anesthetic drug effect.

Cited by 127 publications

References 1 publication

Tightly coupled brain activity and cerebral ATP metabolic rate

Tightly coupled brain activity and cerebral ATP metabolic rate

To Compare the Dose of Propofol for Induction of Anaesthesia by Entropy Monitoring against Standard Induction dose in Elderly Patients

A Pervasive Approach to EEG‐Based Depression Detection

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