Shape and Area of Keratocytes Are Related to the Distribution and Magnitude of Their Traction Forces

Sonoda, Ayane; Okimura, Chika; Iwadate, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1247/csf.15008

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…If the rotation of the stress fibers contributes to the propulsion of keratocytes, removal of them should have a serious affect. Treatment with low concentrations of blebbistatin, an inhibitor of myosin II ATPase, induces disassembly of stress fibers 29 , 34 , 35 and lateral expansion of keratocytes 31 , 40 . We simultaneously stained F-actin and myosin IIA in fixed blebbistatin-treated keratocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation of stress fibers as a single wheel in migrating fish keratocytes

Okimura

Taniguchi

Nonaka

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Crawling migration plays an essential role in a variety of biological phenomena, including development, wound healing, and immune system function. Keratocytes are wound-healing cells in fish skin. Expansion of the leading edge of keratocytes and retraction of the rear are respectively induced by actin polymerization and contraction of stress fibers in the same way as for other cell types. Interestingly, stress fibers in keratocytes align almost perpendicular to the migration-direction. It seems that in order to efficiently retract the rear, it is better that the stress fibers align parallel to it. From the unique alignment of stress fibers in keratocytes, we speculated that the stress fibers may play a role for migration other than the retraction. Here, we reveal that the stress fibers are stereoscopically arranged so as to surround the cytoplasm in the cell body; we directly show, in sequential three-dimensional recordings, their rolling motion during migration. Removal of the stress fibers decreased migration velocity and induced the collapse of the left-right balance of crawling migration. The rotation of these stress fibers plays the role of a “wheel” in crawling migration of keratocytes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotation of stress fibers as a single wheel in migrating fish keratocytes

Okimura

Taniguchi

Nonaka

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Traction force microscopy was performed according to the methods described previously [31,32] except for the mixture ratio of a type of PDMS (CY52-276A and B, Dow Corning Toray, Tokyo, Japan) as the material for the elastic substrata. CY52-276A and B were mixed at ratios of 10:7, 10:8, and 10:9 in weight to make substrata of different Young's moduli.…”

Section: Traction Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

et al. 2018

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Living cells sense the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment and respond accordingly. Crawling cells detect the rigidity of their substratum and migrate in certain directions. They can be classified into two categories: slow-moving and fast-moving cell types. Slow-moving cell types, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc., move toward rigid areas on the substratum in response to a rigidity gradient. However, there is not much information on rigidity sensing in fast-moving cell types whose size is ∼10 μm and migration velocity is ∼10 μm/min. In this study, we used both isotropic substrata with different rigidities and an anisotropic substratum that is rigid on the x axis but soft on the y axis to demonstrate rigidity sensing by fast-moving Dictyostelium cells and neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells. Dictyostelium cells exerted larger traction forces on a more rigid isotropic substratum. Dictyostelium cells and HL-60 cells migrated in the "soft" direction on the anisotropic substratum, although myosin II-null Dictyostelium cells migrated in random directions, indicating that rigidity sensing of fast-moving cell types differs from that of slow types and is induced by a myosin II-related process.

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“…Earlier studies revealed that the traction force maps differ significantly for different cells. Gliding fish keratocyte cells, for example, exert large traction forces at two foci at the posterior end, and these foci are persistent and nearly symmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the keratocyte (Fournier et al , 2010 ; Barnhart et al , 2015 ; Sonoda et al , 2016 ). In contrast, chemotactic Dictyostelium cells and neutrophils migrating in the amoeboid mode were shown to have two traction force poles, near the front and near the back (Del Alamo et al , 2007 , 2013 ; Lombardi et al , 2007 ; Delanoe‐Ayari et al , 2010 ; Alvarez‐Gonzalez et al , 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling traction force patterns and actomyosin wave dynamics reveals mechanics of cell motion

Ghabache

Cao

Miao

et al. 2021

Molecular Systems Biology

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Motile cells can use and switch between different modes of migration. Here, we use traction force microscopy and fluorescent labeling of actin and myosin to quantify and correlate traction force patterns and cytoskeletal distributions in Dictyostelium discoideum cells that move and switch between keratocyte‐like fan‐shaped, oscillatory, and amoeboid modes. We find that the wave dynamics of the cytoskeletal components critically determine the traction force pattern, cell morphology, and migration mode. Furthermore, we find that fan‐shaped cells can exhibit two different propulsion mechanisms, each with a distinct traction force pattern. Finally, the traction force patterns can be recapitulated using a computational model, which uses the experimentally determined spatiotemporal distributions of actin and myosin forces and a viscous cytoskeletal network. Our results suggest that cell motion can be generated by friction between the flow of this network and the substrate.

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Shape and Area of Keratocytes Are Related to the Distribution and Magnitude of Their Traction Forces

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Rotation of stress fibers as a single wheel in migrating fish keratocytes

Rotation of stress fibers as a single wheel in migrating fish keratocytes

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

Coupling traction force patterns and actomyosin wave dynamics reveals mechanics of cell motion

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