Shape and size of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder

Downhill, J.; Buchsbaum, Monte S.; Wei, Timothy; Spiegel-Cohen, Jacqueline; Hazlett, Erin A.; Haznedar, M. Mehmet; Silverman, Jeremy M.; Siever, Larry J.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00123-1

Cited by 157 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Second, the recruitment strategy selected only for subjects who have not been treated pharmacologically for SPD, and this narrow subject group may effect the generalizability of the finding. Finally, this study examined volume only, and it may be that there are differences in the shape of the fusiform, as others have demonstrated differences in the shape of other brain regions in SPD (Downhill et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

Voglmaier

et al. 2003

Schizophrenia Research

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The fusiform gyrus is important for face and object recognition, is abnormal in schizophrenia, but has not been studied in schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). Thin-slice MR images showed no differences, either in right, left or total fusiform gyri volumes, between subjects with SPD (N = 21) and normal controls (N = 19). However, there was a correlation between severity of illusions and magical thinking suffered by the SPD subjects and smaller right fusiform gyrus volumes. This suggests that future studies may be useful in determining the functional competence of this gyrus in SPD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

Dickey

McCarley

Voglmaier

et al. 2003

Schizophrenia Research

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“…93 Tibbo et al 81 confirmed a reduction of the CC (of 0.4 cm 2 ) in 79 male schizophrenics and found an association between small CC and negative symptoms. Subsequently, Highley et al, 83 Meisenzhal et al, 84 Sachdev and Brodaly, 86 and Downhill et al 88 found tendencies towards a total or local decreased CC size, although statistical significance was reached only in a few of them.…”

Section: Connectivism and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 98%

Schizophrenia, neurodevelopment and corpus callosum

2003

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The Zeitgeist favors an interpretation of schizophrenia as a condition of abnormal connectivity of cortical neurons, particularly in the prefrontal and temporal cortex. The available evidence points to reduced connectivity, a possible consequence of excessive synaptic pruning in development. A decreased thalamic input to the cerebral cortex appears likely, and developmental studies predict that this decrease should entail a secondary loss of both longand short-range cortico-cortical connections, including connections between the hemispheres. Indeed, morphological, electrophysiological and neuropsychological studies over the last two decades suggest that the callosal connections are altered in schizophrenics. However, the alterations are subtle and sometimes inconsistent across studies, and need to be investigated further with new methodologies.

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“…More recent studies examining shape (e.g. DeQuardo et al, 1996;Downhill et al, 2000;Frumin et al, 1998) may help to clarify further the role of corpus callosum abnormalities in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Corpus Callosummentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,146

121

1,332

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After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin,E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950: Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York), who first described 'dementia praecox' and the ' schizophrenias', were convinced that schizophrenia would ultimately be linked to an organic brain disorder. Alzheimer (1897: Alzheimer, A., 1897. Beitrage zur pathologischen anatomie der hirnrinde und zur anatomischen grundlage einiger psychosen. Monatsschrift fur Psychiarie und Neurologie. 2, 82-120) was the first to investigate the neuropathology of schizophrenia, though he went on to study more tractable brain diseases. The results of subsequent neuropathological studies were disappointing because of conflicting findings. Research interest thus waned and did not flourish again until 1976, following the pivotal computer assisted tomography (CT) finding of lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia by Johnstone and colleagues. Since that time significant progress has been made in brain imaging, particularly with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beginning with the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith and coworkers in 1984 (Smith, R.C., Calderon, M., Ravichandran, G. K., et al. (1984). Nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 12, 137-147). MR in vivo imaging of the brain now confirms brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000. This 12 year period has witnessed a burgeoning of MRI studies and has led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research. Such progress in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia is largely due to advances in in vivo MRI techniques. These advances have now led to the identification of a number of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Some of these abnormalities confirm earlier postmortem findings, and most are small and subtle, rather than large, thus necessitating more advanced and accurate measurement tools. These findings include ventricular enlargement (80% of studies reviewed) and third ventricle enlargement (73% of studies reviewed). There is also preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures (74% of studies reviewed), which include the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and neocortical temporal lobe regions (superior temporal gyrus) (100% of studies reviewed). When gray and white matter of superior temporal gyrus was combined, 67% of studies reported abnormalities. There was also moderate evidence for frontal lobe abnormalities (59% of studies reviewed), particularly prefrontal gray matter and orbitofrontal regions. Similarly, there was moderate evidence for parietal lobe ab...

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Shape and size of the corpus callosum in schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder

Cited by 157 publications

References 60 publications

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

A MRI study of fusiform gyrus in schizotypal personality disorder

Schizophrenia, neurodevelopment and corpus callosum

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

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