Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
(NCs) exhibit great application potential in optoelectronic devices
because of their tunable band gaps and facile colloidal synthesis,
but they suffer from serious lead toxicity and instability. It is
highly desirable to substitute lead with other elements to acquire
nontoxic and environmentally friendly lead-free perovskite NCs for
optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a general method for the colloidal
synthesis of a series of bismuth/antimony-based halide perovskite
NCs with various constituents and optical band gaps from 1.97 to 3.15
eV. In our proposed synthetic system, 1-dodecanol is adopted as the
solvent instead of the conventionally used 1-octadecene to realize
size controllability of bismuth/antimony-based metal halide perovskite
NCs. It is found that 1-dodecanol can act as a surfactant to tightly
adsorb on the surface of bismuth/antimony-based halide perovskite
NCs, enabling their small sizes (∼2 nm) and high dispersibility.
Simultaneously, the band gaps of bismuth/antimony-based halide (A3B2X9, where A = CH3NH3, Cs, or Rb, B = Bi or Sb, and X = Cl, Br, or I) perovskite
NCs can be systematically tuned by the atomic substitution of A, B,
or X lattice sites. Moreover, to show the optoelectronic application
potential of these lead-free halide perovskite NCs, a solar cell based
on colloidal Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite
NCs is demonstrated. The developed colloidal synthesis of bismuth/antimony-based
halide NCs in 1-dodecanol will offer an alternative route to fabricating
lead-free halide perovskite optoelectronic devices.