Shape design of efficient retroreflective articles

So, Bum-Sik; Jung, Yun‐Hoa; Lee, D.W.

doi:10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00779-3

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…A retroreflector, also called a reflex reflector, can reflect light [1][2][3] back along a vector that is parallel or nearly parallel to but opposite in direction from the light source [4,5], no matter what the incident light angle is [2]. Because of their high tolerance to the direction of incident waves [6], retroreflectors have been used extensively in many applications instead of plane mirrors [2], such as free-space optical communications networks [4], satellites, road signs [7], vehicles [8], and clothing [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Lee

et al. 2018

Crystals

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A highly efficient regular curved retroreflector is proposed to meet the requirements of the US Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) regulations. It is demonstrated that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with the new designed retroreflector when compared with the commercial ones used in modern vehicles.Based on pin-bundling technology, the tooling of a reflex reflector mold can be produced, and it can serve as a testing sample or for mass production. In this study, a reflex reflector sample was designed and produced by bundled metal pins for SAE regulations. A curved retroreflector with new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated. By use of genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and positions of the pins serve as the optimizing parameters to enhance the performance of a curved retroreflector. Compared with conventional retroreflectors, it is found that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with our proposed one. effective working area and reflection efficiency are influenced seriously, and that could lead to the retroreflector not complying with SAE regulations [6,16].Based on pin-bundling technology, the tooling of a reflex reflector mold can be produced, and it can serve as a testing sample or for mass production. In this study, a reflex reflector sample was designed and produced by bundled metal pins for SAE regulations. A curved retroreflector with new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated. By use of genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and positions of the pins serve as the optimizing parameters to enhance the performance of a curved retroreflector. Compared with conventional retroreflectors, it is found that 28% higher retroreflection efficiency and 33% more working area can be accomplished with our proposed one.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Lee

et al. 2018

Crystals

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“…There are also retroreflectors based on different principles: microspheres [2], combination of two spherical surfaces [3], GRIN rods [4] and GRIN spheres [5]. Retroreflectors have a wide range of applications such as accurate measurement of distances [6,7], as laser cavity mirrors [8,9] and in safety devices including road signs [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a lot of publications on retroreflectors, but most of them are on application of the elements and on designing the structure [3,[10][11][12], though polarization properties of retroreflectors have long been studied as an important subject [13]. However, all those studies are in the scalar domain and no electromagnetic analysis of retroreflectors has been reported as far as the author knows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of microretroreflectors: transition from reflection to diffraction

Ichikawa¹

2004

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.

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When a retroreflector has periodic structure, it also behaves as a diffraction grating. When its period becomes shorter, the effect of diffraction is more dominant than that of reflection. In particular, when the period steps into the resonance domain, the retroreflector no longer functions, because the number of diffraction orders decreases significantly and diffraction to the desired direction does not exist. Here, behaviours of micro-sized metallic and perfectly conducting retroreflectors of corner cube type over the period range of 1-100 wavelengths are analysed electromagnetically with the C method. Generally, metals and perfect conductors exhibit similar tendencies for TE polarization, but there are big differences in some cases for TM polarization, possibly owing to surface plasmon resonance. As an example application of periodic retroreflectors, object detection is considered and the required conditions for valid usage are provided.

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“…2019, 9, 1555 2 of 15 of the flux of incident light to the total flux of the reflected cone [12,15]. Consequently, vehicle signage would be observed to be brighter as its R I value increases [13,16].It is usual for reflex reflectors to have a curved shape; for example, to fit the corner of a vehicle [1][2][3][4][5]17]. Cube-corner structures are, thus, distorted to complete the curve, so that their effective working area and reflection efficiency are affected, thus leading to the retro-reflector being against EU ECE regulations [5,11,17].In this paper, a curved reflex reflector with a new cube-corner structure is proposed and demonstrated.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is usual for reflex reflectors to have a curved shape; for example, to fit the corner of a vehicle [1][2][3][4][5]17]. Cube-corner structures are, thus, distorted to complete the curve, so that their effective working area and reflection efficiency are affected, thus leading to the retro-reflector being against EU ECE regulations [5,11,17].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of ECE SuperPin Curved Reflex Reflector by the Use of Double Pins with Corner Cubes

Chen

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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A new, highly efficient curved reflex reflector is proposed to meet the requirement of EU ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations based on the commercial design provided by an automotive company which has been in mass production. We used double pins with corner cubes which served as the building element of a SuperPin curved retro-reflector to enhance reflectivity performance. Our experiment outcomes indicated 46% higher retro-reflection efficiency and 33% larger working areas compared with the commercial design.

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Shape design of efficient retroreflective articles

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Design of a Society of Automotive Engineers Regular Curved Retroreflector for Enhancing Optical Efficiency and Working Area

Numerical analysis of microretroreflectors: transition from reflection to diffraction

Enhancement of ECE SuperPin Curved Reflex Reflector by the Use of Double Pins with Corner Cubes

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