Shape-Tunable Synthesis of Sub-Micrometer Lens-Shaped Particles via Seeded Emulsion Polymerization

Chen, Wei-Han; Tu, Fuquan; Bradley, Laura C.; Lee, Daeyeon

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00494

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In recent years, significant attention has been given to the morphology control of colloids using seeded emulsion polymerization [7][8][9]. By adjusting the reaction condition, the combination of seed and monomer chemistry, and feeding sequence, various morphologies such as core-shell, multilobe, raspberry and dumbbell can be produced [10][11][12][13][14]. These unique particle morphologies have been proven to be useful for industry applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, most efforts have reported different particle morphologies through a trial-and-error approach, while the mechanism and morphology evolution remain unclear. In order to provide a deeper understanding of the seeded emulsion polymerization and morphology formation, we studied a simple system using polystyrene particles as the seed and tert-butyl acrylate as the second monomer [12,38]. The kinetics of the morphology evolution were monitored using electron microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology evolution of Janus dumbbell nanoparticles in seeded emulsion polymerization

Chen

Demirci

et al. 2019

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Emulsion polymerization is a versatile approach to produce different polymeric nanoparticle morphologies, which can be useful in a variety of applications. However, the detailed mechanism of the morphology formation is not entirely clear. We study the kinetics of nanoparticle morphology evolution during a seeded emulsion polymerization using both experimental and computational tools. Lightly crosslinked polystyrene seeds were first synthesized using dispersion polymerization. Then the seed particles were swollen in tert-butyl acrylate and styrene monomers, and subsequently polymerized into nanoparticles of dumbbell and multilobe morphologies. It was discovered that both the seed and final particle morphology were affected by the methanol concentration during the seed synthesis.Systematically adjusting the methanol amount will not only yield spherical seed particles of different size, but also dumbbell particles even without the second monomer polymerization. In addition to methanol concentration, morphology can be controlled by crosslinking density. The kinetics studies revealed an

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology evolution of Janus dumbbell nanoparticles in seeded emulsion polymerization

Chen

Demirci

et al. 2019

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…If there are no micelles in a seed solution, a monomer that diffuses to the seed solution during polymerization is only consumed to grow the seed to the desired size without a new nucleation event. Recently, various morphologies including core-shell (Vatankhah et al, 2020;Watanabe et al, 2020b), Janus (Tang et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2017), hollow (Kobayashi et al, 2007(Kobayashi et al, , 2009Lv et al, 2008), and raspberry-like (Perro et al, 2006;Tolue et al, 2009) structures have been prepared by controlling thermodynamic and kinetic parameters during a seeded emulsion polymerization. Seeded emulsion polymerization has therefore attracted attention as one of the most effective ways to produce polymer composite particles as well as control the morphology of particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

et al. 2021

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We develop a sequential flow process for the production of monodisperse poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polystyrene (PS) composite particles through a soap-free emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using the first water-in-oil (W/O) slug flow and a subsequent seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) using the second W/O slug flow. In this process, monodisperse PMMA seed particles are first formed in the dispersed aqueous phase of the first W/O slug flow. Subsequently, removal of the oil phase from the slug flow is achieved through a porous hydrophobic tubing, resulting in a single flow of the aqueous phase containing the seed particles. The aqueous phase is then mixed with an oil phase containing St monomer to form the second W/O slug flow. Finally, monodisperse PMMA/PS composite particles are obtained by a seeded emulsion polymerization of St using the second W/O slug flow. We compared the reaction performance between the slug flow and the batch processes in terms of particle diameter, monomer conversion, particle size distribution, and the number of particles in the system. We found that internal circulation flow within the slugs can enhance mass transfer efficiency between them during polymerization, which results in monodisperse PMMA/PS composite particles with a large particle diameter and a high monomer conversion in a short reaction time, compared to those prepared using the batch process. We believe that this sequential microflow process can be a versatile strategy to continuously produce monodisperse composite particles or core-shell particles in a short reaction time.

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“…Apart from offering an improved environmental compliance, other advantages include the selection of wide range of raw materials enabling better control of final product properties and performance with various end‐applications. The versatility of this process has caused the production in waterborne polymer industry to expand incrementally over the years especially in the manufacturing of synthetic rubbers, toughened plastics, paints, adhesives, coatings, and varnishes as well as cosmetics, biomaterials, and high‐tech product …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility Studies of Pilot‐Scale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)

Harmain¹,

Chan

2018

Macromolecular Symposia

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Studies on emulsion polymerization (EP) of poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) [P(S‐co‐BA)] can be accessed in open literature. However, these studies are mostly focusing on lab‐scale polymerization and subsequently characterization, of which discussion on pilot‐scale or mass‐production‐scale of the polymerization is scant. This paper focuses on the batch‐to‐batch reproducibility of P(S‐co‐BA) with 78.7 mol% of styrene and 21.3 mol% of butyl acrylate via EP in 3 metric‐ton (MT) pilot‐scale reactor. Polymerization efficiency, molecular, and physical characterization of the copolymers are examined using gravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), viscometer, capillary rheometer, particle size analyzer (including dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction techniques), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The gravimetric analysis on the monomer conversion reveals that the polymerization in 3‐MT reactor is efficient with 100% conversion. Besides, 1H‐NMR results reveal that the styrene‐to‐butyl acrylate mole ratio of the copolymer is of close approximation of the monomer feed amount while FTIR is a rather convenient quality control (QC) tool for batch‐to‐batch reproducibility on the copolymer molecular structured. The physical characteristic of [P(S‐co‐BA)] for all five batches are considered reproducible.

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Shape-Tunable Synthesis of Sub-Micrometer Lens-Shaped Particles via Seeded Emulsion Polymerization

Cited by 43 publications

References 29 publications

Morphology evolution of Janus dumbbell nanoparticles in seeded emulsion polymerization

Morphology evolution of Janus dumbbell nanoparticles in seeded emulsion polymerization

Preparation of Monodisperse Poly(Methyl Methacrylate)/Polystyrene Composite Particles by Seeded Emulsion Polymerization Using a Sequential Flow Process

Batch‐to‐Batch Reproducibility Studies of Pilot‐Scale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate)

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