Shapes of atomic-hydrogen lines produced at a cathode surface

Ayers, Elizabeth; Benesch, W.

doi:10.1103/physreva.37.194

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In evaluating the veracity of the work performed it is important to note that in areas of experimental overlap, there was no significant difference between observations made in the present work and those made in earlier studies of line broadening [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][23][24]. In agreement with earlier studies of H 2 /Ar plasmas it was found that only the Balmer series (α, β,  γ) lines are broadened.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Phillips

Chen

Akhtar

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This is the third in a series of papers by our team on apparently anomalous Balmer series line broadening in hydrogen containing RF generated, low pressure (< 600 mTorr) plasmas. In this paper the selective broadening of the atomic hydrogen lines in pure H 2 and Ar/H 2 mixtures in a large 'GEC' cell (36 cm length × 14 cm ID) was mapped as a function of position, H 2 /Ar ratio, time, power, and pressure. Several observations regarding the selective line broadening were particularly notable as they are unanticipated on the basis of earlier models. First, the anomalous broadening of the Balmer lines was found to exist throughout the plasma, and not just in the region between the electrodes. Second, the broadening was consistently a complex function of the operating parameters particularly gas composition (highest in pure H 2 ), position, power, time and pressure. Clearly not anticipated by earlier models were the findings that under some conditions the highest concentration of 'hot' (>10 eV) hydrogen was found at the entry end, and not in the high field region between the electrodes and that in other conditions, the hottest H was at the (exit) pump (also grounded electrode) end. Third, excitation and electron temperatures were less than one eV in all regions of the plasma not directly adjacent (>1mm) to the electrodes, a Corresponding author: phone 505-665-2682; fax 505-665-5548 jphillips@LanL.gov 2 providing additional evidence that the energy for broadening, contrary to standard models, is not obtained from the field. Fourth, in contrast to our earlier studies of hydrogen/helium and water plasmas, we found that in some conditions 98% of the atomic hydrogen was in the 'hot' state throughout the GEC-type cell. Virtually every operating parameter studied impacted the character of the hot H atom population, and clearly second and third order effects exist, indicating a need for experimental design. Some non-field mechanisms for generating hot hydrogen atoms, specifically those suggested by Mills' CQM model, are outlined.3

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Phillips

Chen

Akhtar

et al. 2007

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…On the contrary, the prevention of the formation of surface atomic hydrogen prevents the catalysis reaction [56]. Furthermore, it is known that water vapor may be added to the plasma to increase the hydrogen concentration [57].…”

Section: R L Mills Y Lu Fifth Force Submittedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

2010

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Abstract:Four predictions of Mills' Grand Unified Theory of Classical Physics (GUTCP) regarding atomic hydrogen undergoing a catalytic reaction with certain atomized elements and ions which resonantly, nonradiatively accept integer multiples of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, · 27.2 eV wherein is an integer, have been confirmed experimentally. Specifically, a catalyst comprises a chemical or physical process with an enthalpy change equal to an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen, 27.2 eV. For He + = 2, due to its ionization reaction to He 2+ , and two H atoms formed from H 2 by collision with a third, hot H can also act as a catalyst with = 2 for this third H. The product is H(1/ ), fractional Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen called "hydrino atoms" wherein = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4,…, 1/ ( 137 is an integer) replaces the well-known parameter = integer in the Rydberg equation for hydrogen excited states. The predictions for the hydrino reaction of (1) pumping of the catalyst excited states, (2) characteristic EUV continuum radiation, (3) fast H, and (4) hydrino products were observed in multiple catalyst-hydrogen plasma systems. PACS

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“…H or H + ions [6,7] bombard an electrode surface rich in absorbed hydrogen, leading to the subsequent ejection of hot hydrogen atoms [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result is to be expected as any 'hot' species will equilibrate, via collisions with other species, at a distance of no more than a few mean free paths of its creation point. Others suggest that surface generated hot hydrogen atoms are associated with a very broad peak, requiring the fitting of the overall line with three Gaussians [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One class of mechanisms can be called field acceleration (FA) models because, in all the various permutations of this class of models, it is necessary for the energy to be given to the hydrogen from the field. For example, it is postulated that ionic molecular hydrogen is accelerated in the cathode fall region, then is neutralized and picks up charge from Ar ions, and finally dissociates and emits [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of catalytic production of hot atomic hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/helium plasmas

Phillips¹,

Chen²

2008

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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A study of the line shapes of hydrogen Balmer series lines in RF generated low pressure H 2 /He plasmas produced results suggesting a catalytic process between helium and hydrogen species results in the generation of 'hot' (ca. 28 eV) atomic hydrogen.Even far from the electrodes 'hot' atomic hydrogen was predominant in H 2 /He plasmas.Line shapes, relative line areas of cold and hot atomic hydrogen (hot/cold>2.5), were very similar for areas between the electrodes and far from the electrodes for these plasmas. In contrast, in H 2 /Xe only 'warm' (<5 eV) hydrogen (warm/cold<1.0) was found between the electrodes, and only cold hydrogen away from the electrodes. Earlier postulates that preferential hydrogen line broadening in plasmas results from the acceleration of ionic hydrogen in the vicinity of electrodes, and the special charge exchange characteristics of Ar/H 2 + are clearly belied by the present results that show atomic hydrogen line shape are similar for H 2 /He plasmas throughout the relatively large cylindrical (14 cm ID x 36 cm length) cavity.

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Shapes of atomic-hydrogen lines produced at a cathode surface

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Evidence of catalytic production of hot hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/argon plasmas

Spectroscopic observation of helium-ion- and hydrogen-catalyzed hydrino transitions

Evidence of catalytic production of hot atomic hydrogen in RF generated hydrogen/helium plasmas

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