Shaping light beams in the nanometer scale: A Yagi-Uda nanoantenna in the optical domain

Li, Jingjing; Salandrino, Alessandro; Engheta, Nader

doi:10.1103/physrevb.76.245403

Cited by 205 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Here, the aperture serves as a nanoscale optical cavity that can be engineered to efficiently direct the emission of emitters placed inside the cavity. Furthermore, in contrast to previous directional antenna designs 9,[21][22][23][24][25] , this structure now enables beaming of fluorescence from many quantum emitters by having separated areas in the structure perform the functions of a cavity (the aperture) and the beaming (the patterned surface).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission

Jun

Huang²,

Brongersma³

2011

Nat Commun

194

191

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nanometallic optical antennas are rapidly gaining popularity in applications that require exquisite control over light concentration and emission processes. The search is on for highperformance antennas that offer facile integration on chips. Here we demonstrate a new, easily fabricated optical antenna design that achieves an unprecedented level of control over fluorescent emission by combining concepts from plasmonics, radiative decay engineering and optical beaming. The antenna consists of a nanoscale plasmonic cavity filled with quantum dots coupled to a miniature grating structure that can be engineered to produce one or more highly collimated beams. Electromagnetic simulations and confocal microscopy were used to visualize the beaming process. The metals defining the plasmonic cavity can be utilized to electrically control the emission intensity and wavelength. These findings facilitate the realization of a new class of active optical antennas for use in new optical sources and a wide range of nanoscale optical spectroscopy applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission

Jun

Huang²,

Brongersma³

2011

Nat Commun

194

191

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“…For the high frequency of light around 0.6 Petahertz the n D at 589 nm is a good choice because this wavelengths is far away from absorption bands with interference by anomalous dispersion in the UV and the NIR of the commonly colorless solvents or polymeric optical media. Thus, resonating conducting structure become important with the dimensions of about λ/(2n 2 ); this means about 125 nm in media such as chloroform (n D = 1.45) or acrylic glass (PMMA, n D = 1.49) and about 50 nm for structuring with λ/(10n 2 ) for arrangements of passive resonators for the generation of travelling waves; compare, for example, the geometry of Yagi-Uda antennae [31][32][33] for TV frequencies. Such dimensions correspond to the strong influence found on τ at intermolecular distance of 30 nm remaining still appreciable for more than 60 nm; Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Concept for Molecular Addressing by Means of Far-reaching Electromagnetic Interactions in the Visible

Langhals¹

2017

J Electr Electron Syst

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“…The scattering efficiency of each rod can be considered as a reliable criteria for selecting the proper geometrical parameters to control the directional emission of a Yagi-Uda antenna. 26 In Figure 4a, that is, YU300, the length of the directors and the reflector are 130 and 300 nm, respectively. At the emission wavelength of the nanowire, λ = 870 nm (vertical dashed line), both rods are offresonance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Hybrid Semiconductor Nanowire–Metallic Yagi-Uda Antennas

et al. 2015

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We demonstrate the directional emission of individual GaAs nanowires by coupling this emission to YagiUda optical antennas. In particular, we have replaced the resonant metallic feed element of the nanoantenna by an individual nanowire and measured with the microscope the photoluminescence of the hybrid structure as a function of the emission angle by imaging the back focal plane of the objective. The precise tuning of the dimensions of the metallic elements of the nanoantenna leads to a strong variation of the directionality of the emission, being able to change this emission from backward to forward. We explain the mechanism leading to this directional emission by finite difference time domain simulations of the scattering efficiency of the antenna elements. These results cast the first step toward the realization of electrically driven optical Yagi-Uda antenna emitters based on semiconductors nanowires. KEYWORDS: Semiconductor nanowire, Yagi-Uda optical antenna, directional emission, Fourier microscopy B ecause of the unique optical properties of semiconductor nanowires they are an excellent platform for optoelectronic and photonic applications. 1−3 The possibility of controlling their composition, geometry, and crystallographic morphology opens up a great freedom in designing different devices with desired properties. 4 In recent years, several studies have been realized on optically 5 and electrically 6 driven nanolasers, solar cells, 7−9 optical switches, 10 and single photon sources coupled to optical waveguides. 11,12 The photoluminescence properties of nanowires and the coupling of their emission to leaky and guided modes have been studied extensively. 13−17 In addition, the coupling of nanowires with plasmonic nanostructures modifies their optical properties. 18−20 In parallel, in the past decade many efforts have been done to enhance the efficiency and modify the direction of the emission of quantum emitters including quantum dots and fluorescent molecules. 21−25 Yagi-Uda optical antennas are an example of a structure showing a pronounced directionality of the emission. 24,26−31 In this system, the emission of a single quantum emitter couples to the antenna feed element, which is a metallic nanorod acting as a half-wavelength dipole nanoantenna. The permittivity of noble metals, including Au, Ag, and Al, and the size of the nanorods leads to plasmonic resonances in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. These resonances modify the spontaneous emission rate of nearby emitters due to the change of the local density of optical states. 32 Subsequently, the scattering of the feed element emission with the antenna elements and the interference of this scattered radiation in the far-field leads to a strong directional emission. This emission can be controlled by the resonant response of the elements forming the Yagi-Uda antenna and their spacing.In this Letter, we demonstrate a hybrid semiconductor− metal Yagi-Uda antenna. This hybrid system is realized by replacing the resonant met...

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Shaping light beams in the nanometer scale: A Yagi-Uda nanoantenna in the optical domain

Cited by 205 publications

References 20 publications

Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission

Plasmonic beaming and active control over fluorescent emission

A Concept for Molecular Addressing by Means of Far-reaching Electromagnetic Interactions in the Visible

Hybrid Semiconductor Nanowire–Metallic Yagi-Uda Antennas

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