Shaping the intestinal brush border

Crawley, Scott W.; Mooseker, Mark S.; Tyska, Matthew J.

doi:10.1083/jcb.201407015

Cited by 226 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…5), which are convoluted apical membrane extensions with cores of crosslinked actin bundles. Microvilli are also found in other polarized epithelia and excellent reviews on microvillar biology are available (Crawley et al, 2014;Sauvanet et al, 2015). Here, we focus on the intestinal phenotypes of relevant mouse models and human conditions in which microvillus structure is perturbed.…”

Section: Formation Of the Microvillar Brush Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we focus on the intestinal phenotypes of relevant mouse models and human conditions in which microvillus structure is perturbed. Microvillus formation begins when actin filaments nucleate at electron-dense plaques in the apical actin terminal web (Crawley et al, 2014;Sauvanet et al, 2015). The actin-bundling protein villin is first expressed at E10 and becomes apically concentrated by E13.5 (Ezzell et al, 1989) where it crosslinks and stabilizes actin fibers.…”

Section: Formation Of the Microvillar Brush Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generation of intestinal surface: an absorbing tale

et al. 2016

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The vertebrate small intestine requires an enormous surface area to effectively absorb nutrients from food. Morphological adaptations required to establish this extensive surface include generation of an extremely long tube and convolution of the absorptive surface of the tube into villi and microvilli. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the morphogenetic and molecular processes required for intestinal tube elongation and surface convolution, examine shared and unique aspects of these processes in different species, relate these processes to known human maladies that compromise absorptive function and highlight important questions for future research.

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Section: Formation Of the Microvillar Brush Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of the Microvillar Brush Bordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of intestinal surface: an absorbing tale

et al. 2016

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“…For example, the packing and organization of microvilli and stereocilia both rely on homologous cadherin-based tip-link complexes that target to the distal ends of these protrusions (9, 10). Additionally, a set of homologous unconventional myosins-including Myo1, Myo3, Myo6, and Myo7-are shared by and critical for the development, maintenance, and functions of microvilli and stereocilia (1,11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of Myo7b/USH1C complex suggests a general PDZ domain binding mode by MyTH4-FERM myosins

Weck

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Unconventional myosin 7a (Myo7a), myosin 7b (Myo7b), and myosin 15a (Myo15a) all contain MyTH4-FERM domains (myosin tail homology 4-band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin; MF) in their cargo binding tails and are essential for the growth and function of microvilli and stereocilia. Numerous mutations have been identified in the MyTH4-FERM tandems of these myosins in patients suffering visual and hearing impairment. Although a number of MF domain binding partners have been identified, the molecular basis of interactions with the C-terminal MF domain (CMF) of these myosins remains poorly understood. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of Myo7b CMF in complex with the extended PDZ3 domain of USH1C (a.k.a., Harmonin), revealing a previously uncharacterized interaction mode both for MyTH4-FERM tandems and for PDZ domains. We predicted, based on the structure of the Myo7b CMF/USH1C PDZ3 complex, and verified that Myo7a CMF also binds to USH1C PDZ3 using a similar mode. The structure of the Myo7b CMF/USH1C PDZ complex provides mechanistic explanations for >20 deafness-causing mutations in Myo7a CMF. Taken together, these findings suggest that binding to PDZ domains, such as those from USH1C, PDZD7, and Whirlin, is a common property of CMFs of Myo7a, Myo7b, and Myo15a.M icrovilli and stereocilia are both actin bundle-based, fingerlike protrusions found on apical surfaces of many epithelial cells (1). Microvilli line the apical surface of epithelial cells forming a densely packed structure known as the brush border in tube-like tissues, such as intestines, kidney, and lung (2-5). The best known function of microvilli is to massively increase membrane surface area of these tissues to promote solute exchange, although these protrusions may also allow cells to communicate with their extracellular surroundings (6). Stereocilia, on the other hand, are composed of several rows of protrusions with graded height forming a staircase-like structure on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells, which collectively function to sense sound waves (7,8). Despite clear morphological and functional differences, microvilli and stereocilia share certain features at the molecular level. For example, the packing and organization of microvilli and stereocilia both rely on homologous cadherin-based tip-link complexes that target to the distal ends of these protrusions (9, 10). Additionally, a set of homologous unconventional myosins-including Myo1, Myo3, Myo6, and Myo7-are shared by and critical for the development, maintenance, and functions of microvilli and stereocilia (1,11,12).This study focuses on Myo7b, an unconventional myosin enriched in the microvilli of transporting epithelial cells (11, 13). Myo7b is characterized by a pair of MyTH4-FERM tandems in its tail cargo-binding domain. In addition to Myo7b, Myo7a, Myo10, and Myo15a also contain one or two MyTH4-FERM tandems in their tail domains (14). A common property of MyTH4-FERM myosins is their involvement in the formation or elongation/stabilization of actin-bundle support...

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“…In viewing the brush border en face (i.e. top down) using scanning electron microscopy (EM) 1 (Fig. 1A), one can appreciate the magnitude of the assembly problem.…”

Section: The Brush Border: a Prototypical Apical Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Here, the membrane supported by each microvillus is enriched in the molecular machinery that drives nutrient processing and transport. The gut epithelium also engages in host defense by preventing members of the luminal microbial community from crossing into peripheral tissues.…”

Section: The Brush Border: a Prototypical Apical Specializationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping the intestinal brush border

Cited by 226 publications

References 139 publications

Generation of intestinal surface: an absorbing tale

Generation of intestinal surface: an absorbing tale

Structure of Myo7b/USH1C complex suggests a general PDZ domain binding mode by MyTH4-FERM myosins

Listen to your gut: Using adhesion to shape the surface of functionally diverse epithelia

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