Shared Autonomous Vehicles in rural public transportation systems

Imhof, Sebastian; Frölicher, Jonas; Arx, Widar von

doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100925

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Empirical evidence of an urban-rural gap in terms of a detriment of revenue and lower achievable utilization levels of DRT, was provided for example for minibus services in South Africa by Simons et al [41]. The forward-looking work of Imhof et al [21] detailed a rural transport scenario with shared autonomous vehicles. Jacob et al [23] dealt with algorithms of effective pricing for ride-sharing portals.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development assessment of incentive-driven shared on-demand mobility systems in rural settings

Heinitz

2022

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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Background In the light of the sustainable development goals, a set of operationalizable criteria quantifying societal benefits versus costs is needed to prepare for the introduction of an incentive-driven, high adoption shared on-demand mobility service in a rural transportation area. Aiming to reduce still-existing uncertainty about the impacts of a market entry and to balance substantial monetary incentives for suppliers of pooled rides with the progress in net GHG emission reduction and accessibility gain, the framework is applicable at the transactional and/or aggregate level. Results The presented set of indicators is decision-oriented, and applicable both at the transactional and macro level. Scenarios and user choice situations for two regulatory options of demand responsive transport—one in line with the current legislation in Germany, avoiding overlap with existing fixed-route scheduled public transport and one not strictly complementary which assumes direct competition—are formalized. By the help of a case study, the outcome of the different organizational models at three levels of incentivization can be systematically compared. The implementation effort of the assessment method is examined in view of the forthcoming sustainability compliance reporting in this sector. Conclusions A system-optimal constrained public private DRT deployment offers the opportunity of a reduction of uneconomic routes and parallel services upon selection of eligible rides. As shown, a crowding out of existing, publicly financed offerings in an unsaturated mobility market should not be the primary concern. At the contrary, resorting to supply-side incentives, a proportion of the high volume of solo car trips could be consolidated while levels of service improve in total. However, this may be associated with considerable expense, as demonstrated by the quantity structure of the provided case study.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development assessment of incentive-driven shared on-demand mobility systems in rural settings

Heinitz

2022

Eur. Transp. Res. Rev.

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“…AV technology will benefit from various perspectives by improving transportation safety, reducing traffic congestion, releasing humans from the driving process, and impacting our community both economically and environmentally [81][82][83][84].…”

Section: Opportunities and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Autonomous Vehicles

Wang

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2020

Journal of Advanced Transportation

121

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Autonomous vehicle (AV) is regarded as the ultimate solution to future automotive engineering; however, safety still remains the key challenge for the development and commercialization of the AVs. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the development status of AVs and reported accidents is becoming urgent. In this article, the levels of automation are reviewed according to the role of the automated system in the autonomous driving process, which will affect the frequency of the disengagements and accidents when driving in autonomous modes. Additionally, the public on-road AV accident reports are statistically analyzed. The results show that over 3.7 million miles have been tested for AVs by various manufacturers from 2014 to 2018. The AVs are frequently taken over by drivers if they deem necessary, and the disengagement frequency varies significantly from 2 × 10−4 to 3 disengagements per mile for different manufacturers. In addition, 128 accidents in 2014–2018 are studied, and about 63% of the total accidents are caused in autonomous mode. A small fraction of the total accidents (∼6%) is directly related to the AVs, while 94% of the accidents are passively initiated by the other parties, including pedestrians, cyclists, motorcycles, and conventional vehicles. These safety risks identified during on-road testing, represented by disengagements and actual accidents, indicate that the passive accidents which are caused by other road users are the majority. The capability of AVs to alert and avoid safety risks caused by the other parties and to make safe decisions to prevent possible fatal accidents would significantly improve the safety of AVs. Practical applications. This literature review summarizes the safety-related issues for AVs by theoretical analysis of the AV systems and statistical investigation of the disengagement and accident reports for on-road testing, and the findings will help inform future research efforts for AV developments.

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“…The most important positive impact on the environment is the reduction of congestion and GHG emissions that comes through a decrease in the number of vehicles on the road and technological advances in the vehicle propulsion [35,36]. In combination with public transport, on-demand mobility services can thus provide sustainable door-to-door transportation [37,38]. However, empirical evidence for supporting these statements is still rare and the so-called rebound effects, such as shifting from more environmentally friendly alternatives to on-demand mobility services, have been largely disregarded [10].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there is a lack of references on operationalising this aspect. This study focuses on the question of how on-demand services, in conjunction with "mobility hubs" (see also [38]), can better perform a "fine distribution" and provide enhanced access. In the present study, therefore, four conceivable offer variants are defined and calculated.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of On-Demand Collective Transport Services on Sustainability: A Comparison of Various Service Options in a Rural and an Urban Area of Switzerland

2021

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This study examines the effects of on-demand mobility services on sustainability in terms of emissions and traffic volume. According to our simulations, implementing on-demand mobility services is recommendable only as a supplement to public transport in both urban and rural regions since there are positive effects in terms of CO2 emissions. However, in urban areas, there is a negative impact on the traffic volume in terms of additional vehicle kilometres since the bundled public transport demand is replaced by less bundled on-demand vehicles. In rural areas, the increase in vehicle kilometres plays less of a role due to generally low demand. The negative effects per vehicle kilometre are slightly higher in rural areas due to higher empty kilometres and lower bundling rates, but the negative effects per km2 in dense cities are much more serious. Authorities need to consider these effects according to the spatial context when implementing such services.

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Shared Autonomous Vehicles in rural public transportation systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 11 publications

Sustainable development assessment of incentive-driven shared on-demand mobility systems in rural settings

Sustainable development assessment of incentive-driven shared on-demand mobility systems in rural settings

Safety of Autonomous Vehicles

The Impact of On-Demand Collective Transport Services on Sustainability: A Comparison of Various Service Options in a Rural and an Urban Area of Switzerland

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